Daalụ maka ileta Nature.com.Ụdị ihe nchọgharị ị na-eji nwere nkwado CSS nwere oke.Maka ahụmịhe kachasị mma, anyị na-akwado ka ị jiri ihe nchọgharị emelitere (ma ọ bụ gbanyụọ ọnọdụ ndakọrịta na Internet Explorer).Ka ọ dị ugbu a, iji hụ na nkwado na-aga n'ihu, anyị ga-enye saịtị ahụ na-enweghị ụdị na Javascript.
E gosiputara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na iji ultrasound na-abawanye mkpụrụ anụ ahụ n'ime ọchịchọ nke agịga dị mma nke na-enyere aka ultrasound (USeFNAB) ma e jiri ya tụnyere nnukwu agụụ agịga nke ọma (FNAB).Ka ọ dị ugbu a, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti geometry bevel na mmegharị ọnụ amụbeghị nke ọma.N'ime ọmụmụ ihe a, anyị nyochara njirimara nke resonance agịga na njupụta njupụta maka agịga bevel geometries dị iche iche nwere ogologo bevel dị iche iche.N'iji lancet beveled 3.9mm nke a na-ahụkarị, isi ihe na-atụgharị ike (DPR) na ikuku na mmiri bụ 220 na 105 µm/W, n'otu n'otu.Nke a dị elu karịa n'ọnụ axisymmetric 4mm beveled, na-enye 180 na 80 µm/W DPR na ikuku na mmiri, n'otu n'otu.Ọmụmụ ihe a na-egosi mkpa ọ dị n'etiti nkwekọ ekwekọ nke bevel geometry n'ụzọ dị iche iche nke ntinye, ya mere ọ nwere ike inye nghọta n'ime usoro maka ịchịkwa ọrụ igbutu mgbe ọ gachara site n'ịgbanwe geometry bevel nke agịga, nke dị mkpa.maka ngwa USeFNAB dị oke mkpa.
Biopsy nke agịga dị mma (FNA) bụ ụzọ e si enweta ihe nlele anụ ahụ maka ọrịa a na-enyo enyo1,2,3 site na iji agịga.Egosiri n'ọnụ Franseen ka ọ na-enye arụmọrụ nchọpụta dị elu karịa ndụmọdụ lancet4 na Menghini5.A na-atụkwa aro mkpọda axisymmetric (ya bụ okirikiri) ka ọ bawanye ohere nke ụdị ihe nlere anya zuru oke.
Mgbe a na-enyocha biopsy, a na-agafe agịga n'ụdị akpụkpọ anụ na anụ ahụ iji nweta ọnya na-enyo enyo.Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya egosiwo na ultrasound nwere ike ibelata ike ntinye nke achọrọ iji nweta anụ ahụ dị nro7,8,9,10.Egosiri geometry nke agịga ka ọ na-emetụta ike mmekọrịta agịga, dịka ọmụmaatụ, egosiri ogologo bevel nwere ikike ntinye anụ ahụ dị ala11.Mgbe agịga batara n'elu anụ ahụ, ya bụ mgbe agbachara, ike ịkpụ nke agịga nwere ike ịbụ 75% nke ike mmekọrịta nke agịga na anụ ahụ12.E gosiputara na n'ime oge nkwụsịtụ, ultrasound (ultrasound) na-abawanye arụmọrụ nke nchọpụta anụ ahụ dị nro.E mepụtala usoro biopsy ọkpụkpụ ndị ọzọ na-eme ka ultrasound dịkwuo mma maka ịweta ihe nlele anụ ahụ siri ike, mana ọ nweghị nsonaazụ a kọwapụtara na-eme ka mkpụrụ biopsy dịkwuo mma.Ọtụtụ nchọpụta ekwenyewokwa na nchụpụ ígwè ọrụ na-abawanye mgbe ejiri ultrasonic stress16,17,18.Ọ bụ ezie na enwere ọtụtụ ọmụmụ na axial (longitudinal) static Forces na agịga-anụ ahụ interactions19,20, enwere ntakịrị ọmụmụ banyere oge oge na geometry nke agịga bevel n'okpuru ultrasonic FNAB (USeFNAB).
Ebumnuche nke ọmụmụ a bụ inyocha mmetụta nke geometries bevel dị iche iche na mmegharị nke ọnụ agịga n'ime agịga nke ultrasonic na-ehulata.Karịsịa, anyị nyochara mmetụta nke ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ahụ na mgbagha n'ọnụ agịga mgbe agbajichara maka bevels agịga ọdịnala (ya bụ, agịga USeFNAB maka ebumnuche dị iche iche dị ka ọchịchọ nhọrọ ma ọ bụ nweta anụ ahụ dị nro.
Agụnyere ụdị bevel dị iche iche na ọmụmụ ihe a.(a) Nkọwa nke Lancet kwekọrọ na ISO 7864: 201636 ebe \(\ alpha \) bụ isi bevel, (\theta) bụ akụkụ ntụgharị nke bevel nke abụọ, na \ (\ phi \) bụ bevel nke abụọ. akụkụ., mgbe a na-atụgharị, na ogo (\(^\circ\)).(b) Linear asymmetrical one step chamfers (a na-akpọ "ọkọlọtọ" na DIN 13097:201937) na (c) Linear axisymmetric (circumferential) otu nzọụkwụ chamfers.
Ụzọ anyị na-amalite site n'ichegharị mgbanwe n'ogologo ịgbado n'akụkụ bevel maka lancet, axisymmetric, na asymmetric single-stage bevel geometries.Anyị wee gbakọọ ihe ọmụmụ parametric iji nyochaa mmetụta nke mkpọda ọkpọkọ na ogologo na mmiri mmiri nke nnyefe.Nke a dị mkpa iji chọpụta ogologo kachasị mma maka ịme agịga prototype.Dabere na ịme anwansị ahụ, emere prototypes agịga na omume ha na-egosipụta nnwale site na ịlele ọnụọgụ ntụgharị voltaji na ịgbakọ arụmọrụ mbufe ike na ikuku, mmiri na 10% (w / v) gelatin ballistic, bụ nke ekpebiela oge ọrụ. .N'ikpeazụ, a na-eji eserese ọsọ dị elu na-atụ kpọmkwem ngbanwe nke ebili mmiri na-ehulata n'ọnụ ọnụ agịga na ikuku na mmiri, yana ịkọwa ike eletrik nke a na-enye n'akụkụ akụkụ ọ bụla na geometry nke oke ike mgbagha ( DPR) gaa n'usoro ịgba ọgwụ..
Dị ka e gosiri na Figure 2a, jiri tube nlele 21 (0.80 mm OD, 0.49 mm ID, tube wall ọkpụrụkpụ 0.155 mm, ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ) iji kọwaa tube tube na tube ogologo (TL) na bevel angle (BL) dị ka ISO si dị. 9626:201621) na 316 igwe anaghị agba nchara (Young's modules 205 \(\text {GN/m}^{2}\), density 8070 kg/m\(^{3}\) na Poisson's ratio 0.275).
Mkpebi nke ogologo wavelength na-atụgharị na ntugharị nke ihe ngosi mmecha (FEM) maka agịga na ọnọdụ oke.(a) Mkpebi nke ogologo bevel (BL) na ogologo ọkpọkọ (TL).(b) Akụkụ atọ (3D) ụdị mmechi mmewere (FEM) na-eji a harmonic point force \(\tilde{F}_y\vec {j}\) kwọọ agịga ahụ nso, tụgharịa isi ihe, wee tụọ ọsọ na n'ọnụ (\ ( \tilde {u}_y\vec {j}\), \(\tilde{v}_y\vec {j}\)) iji gbakọọ nnyefe nke n'ibu fluidity.A kọwapụtara \ (\lambda _y \) dị ka ogologo ebili mmiri na-ehulata na ike kwụ ọtọ \ (\tilde{F}_y\vec {j}\).(c) Nkọwa nke etiti ike ndọda, mpaghara obe-ngalaba A, na oge inertia \(I_{xx}\) na \(I_{yy}\) gburugburu x na y axes, n'otu n'otu.
Dị ka e gosiri na fig.2b,c, maka oghere na-enweghị ngwụcha (nke na-enweghị ngwụcha) nwere mpaghara mpaghara mpaghara A na n'ogo nfe ka ukwuu karịa nha nke osisi ahụ, agbaji (ma ọ bụ gbagọọ) agba ọsọ \ (c_{EI}\) na-ekpebi site na 22. :
Ebe E bụ modulus nke Young (\(\text {N/m}^{2}\)), \(\omega _0 = 2\pi f_0 \) bụ ihe na-akpali akpali ugboro (rad/s), ebe \ ( f_0 ) \ ) bụ linear ugboro (1/s ma ọ bụ Hz), m bụ oge inertia nke mpaghara gburugburu axis nke mmasị \ ((\ederede {m}^{4})\), \(m'=\) rho _0 A \ ) bụ oke n'ogologo otu (kg/m), ebe \(\rho _0 \) bụ njupụta\((\text {kg/m}^{3})\) na A bụ obe. ngalaba nke mpaghara beam (xy plane) (\(\ ederede {m}^{2}\)).Ebe ọ bụ na ike etinyere n'ihe atụ anyị na-adaba na y-axis kwụ ọtọ, ya bụ \(\tilde{F}_y\vec {j}\), naanị anyị nwere mmasị na oge mpaghara nke inertia gburugburu oghere x-axis, ya bu \(I_{xx}\), ya mere:
Maka ụdị mmebe mmewere (FEM), a na-eche nchụpụ ngbanwe (m) dị ọcha, ya mere a na-egosipụta ngwa ngwa (\(\text {m/s}^{2} \)) dị ka \ (\ partial ^2 \ vec {u}/ \ partial t^2 = -\omega ^2\vec {u}\) as \(\vec {u}(x, y, z, t): = u_x\vec {i} + u_y\ vec {j } + u_z\vec {k}\) bụ ihe mgbapụ nwere akụkụ atọ enyere na nhazi oghere.Kama nke ikpeazụ, dị ka mmejuputa ya si dị na ngwugwu sọftụwia COMSOL Multiphysics (ụdị 5.4-5.5, COMSOL Inc., Massachusetts, USA), a na-enye nrụrụ zuru oke nke Lagrangian ụdị nke iwu nguzozi ume dị ka ndị a:
ebe \(\vec {\nabla}:= \frac{\partial}}{\partial x}\vec {i} + \frac{\partial}}{\partial y}\vec {j} + \frac{ \ partial }{\partial z}\vec {k}\) bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ tensor divergence, \({\underline{\sigma}}\) bụ nke abụọ Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor (usoro nke abụọ, \(\ ederede { N/ m}^{2}\))) na \(\vec {F_V}:= F_{V_x}\vec {i}+ F_{V_y}\vec {j}+ F_{V_z}\vec {k} \) bụ anụ ahụ ike vector (\(\text {N/m}^{3}\)) maka olu ọ bụla nwere nkwarụ, na \(e^{j\phi }\) bụ akụkụ akụkụ akụkụ vector (\ phi) \ ) (obi ụtọ).N'ọnọdụ anyị, ụda olu nke ahụ bụ efu, ihe nlereanya anyị na-ewere usoro geometric na obere nrụrụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, ya bụ, ebe \ ({\underline{\varepsilon}} ^ {el} \) na \ ({\ underline). {\varepsilon}}\) bụ ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe na mkpokọta mkpokọta (usoro nke abụọ, enweghị oke), n'otu n'otu.A na-agbakọ Hooke's constitutive isotropic elasticity tensor \(\underline{\underline{C}}\) site na iji modul Young E (\(\text {N/m}^{2}\)) na Poisson's ratio v na-ekpebisi ike, ya bụ. \(\underline{\underline{C}}:=\underline{\underline{C}}(E,v)\) (usoro nke anọ).Ya mere ngụkọ mgbakasị ahụ na-aghọ \({\underline{\sigma}} := \underline{\underline{C}}:{\underline{\varepsilon}}\).
Mgbakọ ahụ na-eji ihe tetrahedral ọnụ ọnụ 10 nwere nha nha \(\ le \) nke 8µm.A na-akpụzi agịga ahụ na oghere, yana uru nke mmegharị igwe ebufere (ms-1 N-1) ka akọwara dị ka \(|\tilde{Y}_{v_yF_y}|= |\tilde{v}_y\vec { j}|/ |\ tilde{F}_y\vec {j}|\)24, ebe \(\tilde{v}_y\vec {j}\) bụ mmepụta mgbagwoju anya ọsọ nke handpiece na \( \ tilde {F}_y\ vec {j}\) bụ ike ịnya ụgbọ ala dị mgbagwoju anya dị na nsọtụ tube, dị ka egosiri na foto 2b.Tụgharịa asụsụ igwe mmiri na decibels (dB) site na iji uru kachasị dị ka ntụnye aka, ntụgharị \(20\log _{10} (|\tilde{Y}|/ |\tilde{Y}_{max}|) \ ) .Emere ọmụmụ FEM niile n'ogo nke 29.75 kHz.
Nhazi nke agịga (Fig 3) mejupụtara agịga hypodermic 21 na-emekarị (Cat. No. 4665643, Sterican \ (^\circledR \), dayameta mpụta 0.8 mm, ogologo 120 mm, AISI 304 igwe anaghị agba nchara chromium-nickel. ígwè , B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany) kwadoro ya na plastic Luer Lock sleeve nke polypropylene mere na njedebe dị nso ma gbanwee nke ọma na njedebe.A na-eresị ọkpọkọ agịga n'okirikiri ebili mmiri dịka egosiri na Fig 3b.A na-ebipụta akwụkwọ ntuziaka na igwe anaghị agba nchara 3D ngwa nchara (EOS 316L igwe anaghị agba nchara na EOS M 290 3D ngwa nbipute, 3D Formtech Oy, Jyväskylä, Finland) wee tinye ya na ihe mmetụta Langevin site na iji M4 bolts.Ihe mmetụta Langevin nwere ihe mgbanaka piezoelectric 8 nke ejiri igwe abụọ kwajuru na nsọtụ abụọ ahụ.
Ụdị ndụmọdụ anọ ahụ (foto), lancet (L) a na-ere ahịa na bevels axisymmetric single-stage bevels (AX1-3) emepụtara bụ ogologo bevel (BL) nke 4, 1.2 na 0.5 mm, n'otu n'otu.(a) Mechie n'ọnụ agịga emechara.(b) Nlele elu nke ntụtụ anọ ejirila na 3D ebipụtara waveguide wee jikọọ ya na ihe mmetụta Langevin na M4 bolts.
Emepụtara atọ axisymmetric bevel tips (Fig 3) (TAs Machine Tools Oy) na ogologo bevel (BL, dị ka akọwapụtara na Fig. 2a) nke 4.0, 1.2 na 0.5 mm, kwekọrọ na \ (\ approx) 2 \ (^ \). circ\), 7 (^\circ\) na 18 (^\circ\) n'otu n'otu.Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke waveguide na agịga bụ 3.4 ± 0.017 g (pụtara ± sd, n = 4) maka bevels L na AX1-3, n'otu n'otu (Quintix \ (^\circledR \) 224 Design 2, Sartorius AG, Göttingen, Germany) .N'ihi na L na AX1-3 bevels na Figure 3b, ngụkọta ogologo si n'ọnụ nke agịga na njedebe nke plastic aka uwe bụ 13.7, 13.3, 13.3, na 13.3 cm, n'otu n'otu.
N'ihi na niile agịga nhazi, ogologo si n'ọnụ nke agịga ruo n'ọnụ nke waveguide (ya bụ, na weld ebe) bụ 4.3 cm, na agịga tube gbakwasara ya na ịkpụ elu (ya bụ, yiri Y axis). , dị ka e gosiri na foto a.c (Fig 2).
Edemede omenala na MATLAB (R2019a, The MathWorks Inc., Massachusetts, USA) na-agba ọsọ na kọmpụta (Latitude 7490, Dell Inc., Texas, USA) iji wepụta sweep sinusoidal linear site na 25 ruo 35 kHz maka sekọnd 7, na-agafe A dijitalụ-na-analog (DA) ntụgharị (Analog Discovery 2, Digilent Inc., Washington, USA) na-atụgharị gaa na mgbama analọgụ.A na-emezi akara ngosi analọg \ (V_0\) (0.5 Vp-p) site na nkwupụta ugboro redio (RF) raara onwe ya nye (Mariachi Oy, Turku, Finland).Volta na-adaba ụda nke ({V_I}\) sitere na amplifier RF nwere ihe nrụpụta nke 50 ohms ka a na-enye nri na ngbanwe nke arụnyere n'ime usoro agịga nke nwere ntinye ntinye nke 50 ohms.A na-eji transducers Langevin (n'ihu na azụ dị arọ multilayer piezoelectric transducers) iji mepụta ebili mmiri igwe.Igwe ihe nrịbama RF nke omenala nwere igwe ihe nrụnye ike ebili mmiri nwere ọwa abụọ (SWR) nke na-edekọ ihe merenụ \({V_I}\) wee gosipụta voltaji a na-amụba (V_R \) na ọnọdụ analọg-to-dijitalụ (AD).ya na ihe nlele nke 300 kHz Ntụgharị (analogue Discovery 2).A na-emegharị mgbaama mkpali na mbido na na njedebe iji gbochie ibufe ihe ntinye ihe n'ime oge.
N'iji ederede omenala etinyere na MATLAB, ọrụ nzaghachi ugboro ugboro (FRF), ya bụ \ (\tilde {H} (f) \), e mere atụmatụ na offline site na iji usoro nzacha sinusoidal abụọ (Fig 4), nke na-eche linearity n'oge.usoro na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe.Na mgbakwunye, a na-etinye ihe nzacha bandwit 20 ruo 40 kHz iji wepu ugboro ọ bụla na-achọghị na mgbama.N'ịtụ aka na tiori nke nnyefe ahịrị, na nke a \ (\tilde {H}(f) \) bụ ihe nhata na voltaji reflection ọnụọgụ, ie \(\rho _{V} \equiv {V_R}/{V_I}\ ) \) na-ebelata ka \({V_R}^ 2 / {V_I}^2 \ ) nhata \(|\rho _{V}|^2\).N'ọnọdụ ebe achọrọ ụkpụrụ ọkụ eletrik zuru oke, a na-agbakọ ike ihe omume \ (P_I \) na ike egosipụtara (P_R \) ike (W) site na iwere uru rms (rms) nke voltaji kwekọrọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ.n'ihi na a nnyefe akara na sinusoidal excitation \ ( P = {V} ^ 2 / (2Z_0) \) 26, ebe \ (Z_0 \) bụ hà 50 \ (\Omega \).Enwere ike ịgbakọ ike eletrik nke enyere na ibu \ (P_T) (ya bụ, ihe ntinye etinyere) dị ka \ (| P_I – P_R | \) (W RMS), yana arụmọrụ mbufe ike (PTE) na pasent (PTE). %) nwere ike ikpebi ka esi enye udi ya, ya mere 27:
A na-eme atụmatụ frequencies acicular modal \(f_{1-3}\) (kHz) na ihe nfefe ike ha kwekọrọ \(\text {PTE}_{1{-}3} \) site na iji FRF.FWHM (\(\ederede {FWHM}_{1{-}3}\), Hz) mere atụmatụ ozugbo site na \(\ederede {PTE}_{1{-}3}\), site na Tebụl 1 A nwere otu akụkụ. A na-enweta ụdịdị dị iche iche n'ahịrị n'otu oge a kọwara n'usoro (f_{1-3}\).
Ntụle nzaghachi ugboro ugboro (AFC) nke nhazi agịga.A na-eji nha nha nke ọwa abụọ nke sinusoidal25,38 iji nweta ọrụ nzaghachi ugboro ugboro \(\tilde{H}(f)\) na nzaghachi mkpali ya H(t).\({\mathcal {F}}\) na \({\mathcal {F}}^{-1}\) na-anọchi anya mgbanwe Fourier nke mkpọ dijitalụ na ntụgharị ya, n'otu n'otu.\(\tilde{G}(f)\) pụtara ngwaahịa nke akara abụọ na ngalaba ugboro, eg \(\tilde{G}_{XrX}\) pụtara ngwaahịa nyocha nke dị iche (\tilde{X} r) (f) \ ) na dobe voltaji \(\tilde{X}(f)\) n'otu n'otu.
Dị ka egosiri na eserese 5, igwefoto dị elu (Phantom V1612, Vision Research Inc., NJ, USA) nwere oghere nnukwu (MP-E 65mm, \ (f \) / 2.8, 1-5 \).(\ times), Canon Inc., Tokyo, Japan), ka ịdekọ ntụgharị n'ọnụ n'oge mkpali agbagọ (otu ugboro, sinusoid na-aga n'ihu) na ugboro nke 27.5-30 kHz.Iji mepụta maapụ onyinyo, a na-etinye ihe jụrụ oyi nke ọkụ na-acha ọcha dị elu (nọmba akụkụ: 4052899910881, LED ọcha, 3000 K, 4150 lm, Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH, Regensburg, Germany) n'azụ n'ọnụ nke agịga.
Nlele ihu nke nhazi nnwale.A na-atụle omimi site na elu nke ọkara.A na-akụchi usoro agịga ahụ ma tinye ya na tebụl mbufe moto.Jiri igwefoto na-agba ọsọ dị elu nwere oghere nkwalite dị elu (5\(\x\)) iji tụọ mgbakasị akụkụ a na-ahụ anya.Akụkụ niile dị na millimeters.
Maka ụdị agịga nke ọ bụla, anyị dekọrọ 300 okpokolo agba nke igwefoto dị elu na-atụ 128 \ (\ x \) 128 pikselụ, nke ọ bụla nwere mkpebi oghere nke 1/180 mm (\(\approx) 5 µm), yana a mkpebi nwa oge nke okpokolo agba 310,000 kwa nkeji.Dị ka e gosiri na foto 6, a na-akụ osisi ọ bụla (1) (2) nke mere na ọnụ ọnụ agịga dị n'ahịrị ikpeazụ (n'okpuru) nke etiti ahụ, a na-agbakọkwa histogram nke ihe oyiyi (3), ya mere Canny. Enwere ike ikpebi ọnụ ụzọ 1 na 2.Wee tinye Canny Edge detection 28(4) ya na onye ọrụ Sobel 3 \(\times\) 3 wee gbakọọ ọnọdụ maka pikselụ na-abụghị hypotenuse (akpọrọ \(\mathbf {\times}\)) na-enweghị cavitation oge 300.Iji chọpụta oke mgbapụ n'ọnụ, gbakọọ usoro (iji etiti ọdịiche algọridim) (6) wee chọpụta etiti (7) nke nwere oke mpaghara (ya bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha elu) nke ntụgharị.Mgbe nlele anya nke ihu enweghị cavitation, ahọpụtara otu ụzọ okpokolo agba (ma ọ bụ okpokolo agba abụọ nwere etiti oge ọkara) (7) wee tụọ ntụgharị nke ọnụ ọnụ ahụ (apụtara dị ka \ (\mathbf {\ times }) \) ).A na-emejuputa ihe a dị n'elu na Python (v3.8, Python Software Foundation, python.org) site na iji OpenCV Canny Edge detection algorithm (v4.5.1, open source computer vision Library, opencv.org).N'ikpeazụ, a na-agbakọ ihe ngbanwe nke ike (DPR, µm/W) dị ka oke ngbanwe nke elu-na-elu na ike eletrik ebufere \(P_T\) (Wrms).
Iji usoro 7-nzọụkwụ algọridim (1-7), gụnyere cropping (1-2), Nchọpụta ihu ihu Canny (3-4), gbakọọ, tụọ ọnọdụ pikselụ nke nsọtụ ngbanwe site na iji usoro okpokolo agba ewepụtara na elu- Igwefoto ọsọ na 310 kHz (5) na oge ewepụta ya (6), na, n'ikpeazụ, a na-atụ oke ntụgharị n'ọnụ n'ụdị okpokolo agba elele anya (7).
Atụtara na ikuku (22.4-22.9°C), mmiri deionized (20.8-21.5°C) na 10% (w/v) aqueous ballistic gelatin (19.7-23.0°C , \(\ ederede {Honeywell}^{ \ ederede { TM}}\) \(\ederede {Fluka}^{\text {TM}}) Anụ anụ na anụ ezi Gelatin maka Ụdị I Ballistic Analysis, Honeywell International, North Carolina, USA).A na-atụle okpomọkụ na K-ụdị thermocouple amplifier (AD595, Analog Devices Inc., MA, USA) na K-ụdị thermocouple (Fluke 80PK-1 Bead Probe No. 3648 type-K, Fluke Corporation, Washington, USA).Jiri ogbo Z-axis kwụ ọtọ (8MT50-100BS1-XYZ, Standa Ltd., Vilnius, Lithuania) tụọ omimi site na elu mgbasa ozi (nke edobere dị ka mmalite nke axis Z) yana mkpebi nke 5 µm kwa nzọụkwụ.
Ebe ọ bụ na nha nlele ahụ dị ntakịrị (n = 5) na enweghị ike iche na ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị, a na-eji ule nchikota Wilcoxon nke nwere ọdụ abụọ (R, v4.0.3, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, r-project.org) jiri mee ihe. iji tụnyere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke variance n'ọnụ agịga maka dị iche iche bevels.A na-atụnyere ntụnyere atọ maka mkpọda ọ bụla, ya mere, a na-etinye mgbazi Bonferroni na ọkwa dị mkpa nke 0.017 gbanwere na ọnụego njehie nke 5%.
A na-atụ aka na Fig. 7 n'okpuru.N'ihe dị ka 29.75 kHz, ogologo nke ọkara wavele ogologo (\ (\lambda _y/2 \)) nke agịga nlele 21 bụ \ (\ihe dị ka) 8 mm.Ogologo ebili mmiri na-ehulata na-agbada n'akụkụ mkpọda ahụ ka ọ na-abịaru nso n'ọnụ.N'ọnụ ọnụ \ (\lambda _y/2 \) e nwere steepụ bevels nke 3, 1 na 7 mm, n'otu n'otu, maka nkịtị lancets (a), asymmetric (b) na axisymmetric (c).Ya mere, nke a pụtara na lancet ga-adịgasị iche site na \ (\ about \) 5 mm (n'ihi na ụgbọ elu abụọ nke lancet na-etolite ebe 29.30), mkpọda asymmetrical ga-adịgasị iche site na 7 mm, na mkpọda symmetrical. nke 1 mm.Axisymmetric slopes (etiti nke ike ndọda na-anọgide otu, ya mere naanị mgbidi ọkpụrụkpụ n'ezie na-agbanwe n'akụkụ mkpọda).
Ngwa nke ọmụmụ FEM na 29.75 kHz na nha anya.(1) Gbakọọ mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ọkara ebili mmiri (\(\lambda _y/2 \)) maka lancet (a), asymmetric (b) na axisymmetric (c) geometry oblique (dị ka ọ dị na Fig. 1a,b,c).).Nkezi \(\lambda_y/2 \) maka mkpọda lancet, asymmetric, na axisymmetric bụ 5.65, 5.17, na 7.52 mm, n'otu n'otu.Rịba ama na ọkpụrụkpụ n'ọnụ maka asymmetric na axisymmetric bevels bụ naanị \(\ihe dị ka) 50 µm.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke ngagharị \(|\tilde{Y}_{v_yF_y}|\) bụ ngwakọta nke ogologo tube kacha mma (TL) na ogologo ọchịchọ (BL) (Fig. 8, 9).Maka lancet a na-ahụkarị, ebe ọ bụ na a na-edozi nha ya, TL kacha mma bụ \ (\ approx \) 29.1 mm (Fig 8).Maka mkpọda asymmetric na axisymmetric (Fig 9a, b, n'otu n'otu), ihe ọmụmụ FEM gụnyere BL site na 1 ruo 7 mm, ya mere, TL kacha mma sitere na 26.9 ruo 28.7 mm (nke dị na 1.8 mm) na site na 27.9 ruo 29.2 mm (oke elu). 1.3 mm).)), n'otu n'otu.Maka mkpọda asymmetric (Fig 9a), TL kacha mma mụbara n'ahịrị, rute n'ala dị larịị na BL 4 mm, wee gbadata nke ọma site na BL 5 ruo 7 mm.Maka mkpọda axisymmetric (Fig 9b), TL kacha mma na-abawanye linearly na BL elongation na n'ikpeazụ kwụsie ike na BL site na 6 ruo 7 mm.Nnyocha agbatịkwu nke mkpọda axisymmetric (Fig 9c) gosiri ụdị dị iche iche nke TL kacha mma dị na \ (\ dịka) 35.1-37.1 mm.Maka BL niile, ebe dị anya n'etiti usoro abụọ nke TL kacha mma bụ \(\ihe dị ka\) 8 mm (dakọtara na \ (\lambda _y/2 \)).
Mbugharị mbufe Lancet na 29.75 kHz.A na-emegharị tube nke agịga na ugboro nke 29.75 kHz, a na-atụ ụda ahụ na njedebe ma gosipụta ya dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmegharị igwe na-ebufe (dB n'ihe gbasara uru kachasị) maka TL 26.5-29.5 mm (0.1 mm nzọụkwụ).
Parametric ọmụmụ nke FEM na ugboro nke 29.75 kHz na-egosi na mbufe ngagharị nke axisymmetric n'ọnụ na-adịchaghị emetụta mgbanwe nke ogologo tube karịa ya asymmetric counterpart.Ogologo Bevel (BL) na ogologo ọkpọkọ (TL) ọmụmụ maka asymmetric (a) na axisymmetric (b, c) bevel geometries na ugboro ugboro ọmụmụ ngalaba site na iji FEM (egosiputa ọnọdụ oke na Figure 2).(a, b) TL sitere na 26.5 ruo 29.5 mm (nzọụkwụ 0.1 mm) na BL 1-7 mm (nzọụkwụ 0.5 mm).(c) Extended axisymmetric oblique angle ọmụmụ gụnyere TL 25-40mm (0.05mm nzọụkwụ) na 0.1-7mm (0.1mm nzọụkwụ) nke na-ekpughe chọrọ ruru \ (\ lambda_y / 2 \) Loose na-akpụ akpụ ókè ọnọdụ maka a n'ọnụ na-eju.
Nhazi agịga ahụ nwere ugboro atọ ebumpụta ụwa \(f_{1-3}\) kewara n'ime mpaghara ala, ọkara na elu modal dị ka egosiri na Tebụl 1. A na-egosi nha PTE na foto 10 wee nyochaa ya na foto 11. N'okpuru ebe a bụ nsonaazụ maka mpaghara modal ọ bụla:
Ngosipụta arụmọrụ mbufe ike ozugbo edekọchara (PTE) enwetara site na iji mkpali sinusoidal nwere oge a na-ekpochapụ na omimi nke 20 mm maka lancet (L) na mkpọda axisymmetric AX1-3 na ikuku, mmiri na gelatin.E gosipụtara ụdịdị dị otu akụkụ.Nzaghachi a tụrụ atụ (ọnụego nlele 300 kHz) bụ nke enyochara obere ngafe wee wedata ya site na nkeji 200 maka nyocha modal.Oke mgbama na mkpọtụ bụ \(\le \) 45 dB.A na-egosi usoro PTE (akara ntụpọ odo odo) na ogo (\(^{\circ}\)).
E gosipụtara nyocha nzaghachi modal na eserese 10 (pụtara ± ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ, n = 5) maka mkpọda L na AX1-3 na ikuku, mmiri, na 10% gelatin (mimi 20 mm) na (n'elu) mpaghara modal atọ (dị ala). , ọkara, elu).), na ha kwekọrọ modal frequencies\(f_{1-3}\) (kHz), (nkezi) ike arụmọrụ\(\text {PTE}_{1{-}3}\) na-eji nhazi nhazi.(4) na (n'ala) bụ obosara zuru oke na ọkara nke uru a tụrụ atụruru \(\text {FWHM}_{1{-}3}\) (Hz), n'otu n'otu.Rịba ama na mgbe ị na-edekọ PTE dị ala, ya bụ n'ihe gbasara mkpọda AX2, a na-ahapụ nha bandwidth, \(\text {FWHM}_{1}\).A na-ewere ọnọdụ \ (f_2 \) dị ka nke kachasị mma maka iji atụnyere mgbagha nke ụgbọ elu ndị nwere mmasị, ebe ọ na-egosi ọkwa kachasị elu nke arụmọrụ mbufe ike (\(\text {PTE}_{2}\)), ruo 99%.
Mpaghara modal mbụ: \(f_1 \) adabereghị na ụdị mgbasa ozi etinyere, mana dabere na geometry bevel.\(f_1 \) na-ebelata site na mbelata ogologo bevel (27.1, 26.2 na 25.9 kHz maka AX1-3, n'otu n'otu, na ikuku).Nkezi mpaghara \(\ederede {PTE}_{1}\) na \(\ederede {FWHM}_{1}\) bụ \(\ihe dị ka\) 81% na 230 Hz n'otu n'otu.\(ederede {FWHM}_{1}\) bụ nke kachasi elu na gelatin sitere na Lancet (L, 473 Hz).Rịba ama na \(\ederede {FWHM}_{1}\) maka AX2 na gelatin enweghị ike ime atụmatụ n'ihi oke nzaghachi ugboro ole a na-akọ.
Mpaghara modal nke abụọ: \(f_2 \) dabere n'ụdị mado na mgbasa ozi bevel.Na ikuku, mmiri na gelatin, nkezi \(f_2 \) ụkpụrụ bụ 29.1, 27.9 na 28.5 kHz, n'otu n'otu.PTE maka mpaghara modal a rutekwara 99%, nke kachasị elu n'etiti otu nha nha niile, yana nkezi mpaghara nke 84%.Nkezi mpaghara \(ederede {FWHM}_{2}\) bụ \(\ihe dị ka\) 910 Hz.
Mpaghara modal nke atọ: \(f_3 \) Ugboro ugboro na-adabere n'ụdị ntinye ntinye na bevel.Nkezi \(f_3 \) ụkpụrụ bụ 32.0, 31.0 na 31.3 kHz na ikuku, mmiri na gelatin, n'otu n'otu.\(\ederede {PTE}_{3}\) nwere nkezi mpaghara nke \(\ihe dị ka\) 74%, nke kacha ala na mpaghara ọ bụla.Nkezi mpaghara \(\ederede {FWHM}_{3}\) bụ \(\ihe dị ka\) 1085 Hz, nke dị elu karịa mpaghara nke mbụ na nke abụọ.
Ndị na-esonụ na-ezo aka fig.12 na Tebụl 2. The lancet (L) tụgharịrị nke kachasị (nke dị elu maka ndụmọdụ niile, \ (p <\) 0.017) na ikuku na mmiri (Fig 12a), na-enweta DPR kachasị elu (ruo 220 µm /). W na ikuku). 12 na Tebụl 2. The lancet (L) tụgharịrị nke kachasị (nke dị elu maka ndụmọdụ niile, \ (p <\) 0.017) na ikuku na mmiri (Fig 12a), na-enweta DPR kachasị elu (ruo 220 µm /). W na ikuku). Следующее относится к рисунку 12 и таблице 2. Ланцет (L) откльше всего ов. . Ihe na-esonụ na-emetụta ọnụ ọgụgụ 12 na tebụl 2. Lancet (L) na-atụgharị nke kachasị (nke dị elu maka ndụmọdụ niile, \ (p <\) 0.017) na ikuku na mmiri (Fig 12a), na-enweta DPR kachasị elu.(mee 220 μm / W na ikuku).Emere ntụaka na eserese 12 na tebụl 2 dị n'okpuru.柳叶刀(L) 在空气和水中（图12a）中偏转最大（对所有尖端具有高度意，前度意，）中偏转最大（对所有尖端具有高度意PR (空气中高达220 µm/W)柳叶刀(L) nwere mgbagha kachasị elu na ikuku na mmiri (图12a) W na ikuku). Ланцет (L) имеет наибольшее отклонение (весьма значимое для всех наконечников, \ (p <\) 0,017) в визивохе . самого высокого DPR (na 220 мкм/Вт в воздухе). Lancet (L) nwere ntụgharị kachasị ukwuu (nke dị ịrịba ama maka ndụmọdụ niile, \ (p <\) 0.017) na ikuku na mmiri (Fig 12a), na-eru DPR kachasị elu (ruo 220 µm / W na ikuku). N'ikuku, AX1 nke nwere BL dị elu, tụpụrụ elu karịa AX2-3 (nke pụtara, \ (p <\) 0.017), ebe AX3 (nke nwere BL kacha nta) tụgharịrị karịa AX2 na DPR nke 190 µm/W. N'ikuku, AX1 nke nwere BL dị elu, tụpụrụ elu karịa AX2-3 (nke pụtara, \ (p <\) 0.017), ebe AX3 (nke nwere BL kacha nta) tụgharịrị karịa AX2 na DPR nke 190 µm/W. В в воздухе AX1 с более высоким BL отклонялся выше, чем AX2–3 (со значимостью \ (p <\) 0,017), тогда как 3 лся больше, чем AX2 с DPR 190 мкм/Вт. N'ikuku, AX1 nwere BL dị elu tụpụrụ elu karịa AX2–3 (nke pụtara \ (p <\) 0.017), ebe AX3 (ya na BL kacha nta) tụgharịrị karịa AX2 na DPR 190 µm/W.在空气中，具有较高BL 的AX1 偏转高于AX2-3（具有显着性，(p<\) 190 µm/W. N'ikuku, ntụgharị nke AX1 nwere BL dị elu dị elu karịa nke AX2-3 (n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, \ (p <\) 0.017), na ntụgharị nke AX3 (ya na BL kacha nta) dị elu karịa nke AX2, DPR bụ 190. µm/W. В в воздухе AX1 с более высоким BL имеет большее отклонение, чем AX2-3 (значимо, \ (p<\) 0,017), тогда как большее отклонение, чем AX2 с DPR 190 мкм/Вт. N'ikuku, AX1 nwere BL dị elu nwere ọdịiche dị ukwuu karịa AX2-3 (dị mkpa, \ (p <\) 0.017), ebe AX3 (ya na BL kacha nta) nwere ngbanwe dị ukwuu karịa AX2 na DPR nke 190 μm / W. Na mmiri na 20 mm, ọ dịghị ihe dị ịrịba ama dị iche iche (\ (p>\) 0.017) hụrụ na deflection na PTE maka AX1-3. Na mmiri na 20 mm, ọ dịghị ihe dị ịrịba ama dị iche iche (\ (p>\) 0.017) hụrụ na deflection na PTE maka AX1-3. В в воде на глубине 20 мм достоверных различий (\(p>\) 0,017) по прогибу и ФТР для AX1-3 не обнаружено. N'ime mmiri dị omimi nke 20 mm, ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama (\ (p>\) 0.017) na ntụgharị na FTR achọpụtara maka AX1-3.在20 mm 的水中，AX1-3 的挠度和PTE 没有显着差异(\(p>\) 0.017). Na 20 mm mmiri, ọ dịghị nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti AX1-3 na PTE (\(p>\) 0.017). На глубине 20 ммм прогиб na PTE AX1-3 существенно не отличались (\(p>\) 0,017). N'ime omimi nke 20 mm ntụgharị na PTE AX1-3 adịghị iche (\(p>\) 0.017).Ọkwa PTE dị na mmiri (90.2-98.4%) na-adịkarị elu karịa ikuku (56-77.5%) (Fig 12c), na ihe ngosi nke cavitation ka ekwuru n'oge nnwale na mmiri (Fig 13, leekwa ihe ọzọ. ozi).
Ntuziaka na-ehulata nha nha nha (pụtara ± ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ, n = 5) maka L na AX1-3 chamfers na ikuku na mmiri (omimi 20 mm) kpughere mmetụta nke mgbanwe chamfer geometry.A na-enweta nha ndị ahụ site na iji mkpali sinusoidal otu ugboro na-aga n'ihu.(a) Ngbanwe kacha elu (\(u_y\vec {j}\)) na vertex, tụrụ na (b) frequency modal nke ha \(f_2\).(c) arụmọrụ nnyefe ike (PTE, rms,%) dị ka nhata.(4) na (d) ihe ngbanwe ike (DPR, µm/W) gbakọrọ dị ka oke ngbanwe na ibunye ike \(P_T\) (Wrms).
Ụdị onyinyo a na-ahụkarị nke igwefoto dị elu nke na-egosi nkwụsịtụ nke ọnụ ọnụ lancet (akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ahịrị ntụpọ uhie) nke lancet (L) na ọnụ axisymmetric (AX1-3) na mmiri (omimi 20mm), ọkara okirikiri, ugboro ugboro. \(f_2\) (nlele ugboro 310 kHz).Onyonyo isi awọ ewepụtara nwere akụkụ nke 128×128 pikselụ nwere nha pikselụ nke \(\ihe dị ka) 5µm.Enwere ike ịhụ vidiyo na ozi ndị ọzọ.
N'ihi ya, anyị modeled mgbanwe na-ehulata wavelength (Fig. 7) na gbakọọ n'ibu ngagharị maka mbufe maka ot lanceolate, asymmetric, na axial nchikota nke tube ogologo na bevel (Fig. 8, 9).geometry gbawara agbawa.Dabere na nke ikpeazụ, anyị mere atụmatụ na ebe kacha mma n'ọnụ-na-weld ga-abụ 43 mm (ma ọ bụ \ (\\\\\) 2.75 \ (\lambda_y \) na 29.75 kHz) dị ka egosiri na Figure 5, wee mepụta axisymmetric bevels atọ nwere. ogologo bevel dị iche iche.Anyị wee kọwapụta nzaghachi ugboro ugboro ha ma e jiri ya tụnyere lancets nkịtị na ikuku, mmiri, na 10% (w / v) gelatin ballistic (Figures 10, 11) wee kpebie ikpe kachasị mma maka iji atụnyere ọnọdụ mgbagha.N'ikpeazụ, anyị tụlere ntugharị ọnụ site na ịgbado ebili mmiri n'ikuku na mmiri na omimi nke 20 mm wee tụọ arụmọrụ mbufe ike (PTE,%) na ihe ngbanwe ike (DPR, µm/W) nke usoro ịgbanye maka tilt ọ bụla.ụdị (Fig 12).
Nsonaazụ na-egosi na axis tilt nke geometry na-emetụta njupụta nke axis n'ọnụ.Lancet nwere curvature kachasị elu yana DPR kachasị elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere bevel axisymmetric, ebe bevel axisymmetric nwere ntakịrị ihe pụtara (Fig 12). Axi-symmetric 4 mm bevel (AX1) nwere ogologo bevel kachasị ogologo, nwetara ngbanwe dị elu na ikuku (\ (p <0.017\), Tebụl 2), ma e jiri ya tụnyere agịga axi-symmetric ndị ọzọ (AX2-3), ma ọ nweghị ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama, mgbe etinyere agịga na mmiri. Axi-symmetric 4 mm bevel (AX1) nwere ogologo bevel kachasị ogologo, nwetara ngbanwe dị elu na ikuku (\ (p <0.017\), Tebụl 2), ma e jiri ya tụnyere agịga axi-symmetric ndị ọzọ (AX2-3), ma ọ nweghị ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama, mgbe etinyere agịga na mmiri. Осесимметричный скос 4 мм (AX1), имеющий наибольшую длину скоса, достиг статистически значимого (\(p <0,017\), таблица 2) по сравнению с другими осесимметричными иглами (AX2–3). Axisymmetric bevel 4 mm (AX1), nwere ogologo bevel kachasị ogologo, nwetara mgbanwe dị ukwuu na ikuku (\(p <0.017\), Tebụl 2) ma e jiri ya tụnyere agịga axisymmetric ndị ọzọ (AX2-3).ma a hụghị ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama mgbe ị na-etinye agịga na mmiri.与其他轴对称针(AX2-3) 相比，具有最长斜角长度的轴对称4 mm 斜角(AX1)偏转(\(p <0.017\)表2),但当将针头放入水中时，没有观察到显着差异。 N'iji ya na agịga symmetrical axially ndị ọzọ (AX2-3), ọ nwere akụkụ kachasị ogologo nke 4 mm axially symmetrical (AX1) na ikuku, ma ọ nwetala mgbagha kachasị dị ịrịba ama (\(p <0.017\), Tebụl 2) , ma mgbe a na-etinye agịga n'ime mmiri, ọ dịghị ihe dị iche iche a hụrụ. Осесимметричный скос 4 мм (AX1) с наибольшей скоса по сравнению с другими осесимметричными иглами (AX2-3) (\(p <0,017 \), таблица 2), но существенной разний. Mkpọda axisymmetric nke nwere ogologo mkpọda kacha ogologo nke 4 mm (AX1) na-enye mgbanwe dị ukwuu n'ikuku ikuku ma e jiri ya tụnyere mkpọda axisymmetric ndị ọzọ (AX2-3) (\ (p <0.017 \), Tebụl 2), mana ọ nweghị. nnukwu ọdịiche.a na-ahụ mgbe a na-etinye agịga n'ime mmiri.Ya mere, ogologo bevel dị ogologo enweghị uru doro anya n'ihe gbasara mgbapụ n'ọnụ ọnụ.N'iburu nke a n'uche, ọ na-apụta na geometry mkpọda, nke a na-enyocha n'ime ọmụmụ ihe a, nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na nkwụsịtụ njupụta karịa ogologo mkpọda.Nke a nwere ike jikọta ya na isi ike na-ehulata, dịka ọmụmaatụ, dabere na ihe a na-ehulata na nha zuru oke nke agịga ihe owuwu.
N'ime ọmụmụ ihe nyocha, ịdị ukwuu nke ebili mmiri na-egosipụta na-emetụta ọnọdụ oke nke ọnụ.Mgbe etinyere ọnụ agịga n'ime mmiri na gelatin, \(\text {PTE}_{2}\) nkezi \(\approx\) 95% na \(\text {PTE}_{2}\) gbakọrọ ọnụ ahịa ndị ahụ. bụ 73% na 77% (\text {PTE}_{1}\) na \(\ederede {PTE}_{3}\), n'otu n'otu (Fig. 11).Nke a na-egosi na oke mbufe ike ụda na ihe nkedo (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmiri ma ọ bụ gelatin) na-apụta na \(f_2\).Ahụrụ omume yiri nke ahụ na nyocha gara aga site na iji usoro ngwaọrụ dị mfe na ugboro nke 41-43 kHz, ebe ndị ode akwụkwọ gosipụtara ọnụọgụ ntụgharị voltaji jikọtara ya na modulus nke igwe nke etiti etiti.Ihe omimi ntinye32 na ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke anụ ahụ na-enye ibu ọrụ na agịga, yabụ na-atụ anya na ọ ga-emetụta omume resonant nke UZeFNAB.Ya mere, enwere ike iji resonance nsuso algọridim dị ka 17, 18, 33 iji kwalite ike nke ụda ewepụtara site na stylus.
Nlegharị anya nke ogologo ogologo ogologo (Fig 7) na-egosi na axisymmetric nwere isi ike nhazi dị elu (ya bụ isi ekwe ntị dị elu) n'ọnụ ọnụ karịa lancet na asymmetric bevel.E nwetara site na (1) na iji njikọ ọsọ-ugboro amara ama, anyị na-atụle nkwụsi ike nke lancet, ndụmọdụ asymmetric na axisymmetric dị ka mkpọda \(\ihe dị ka) 200, 20 na 1500 MPa, n'otu n'otu.Nke a dabara na (\lambda _y \) 5.3, 1.7 na 14.2 mm na 29.75 kHz, n'otu n'otu (Fig. 7a-c).N'ịtụle nchekwa ahụike nke usoro USeFNAB, mmetụta nke geometry na isi ike nke imewe bevel kwesịrị ka enyocha ya34.
Ọmụmụ nke parampat nke bevel na ogologo tube (Fig 9) gosiri na TL kacha mma maka asymmetric (1.8 mm) dị elu karịa maka bevel axisymmetric (1.3 mm).Na mgbakwunye, ala dị larịị na-agagharị agagharị sitere na 4 ruo 4.5 mm na site na 6 ruo 7 mm maka asymmetric na axisymmetric tilt, n'otu n'otu (Fig 9a, b).A na-egosipụta mkpa ọ dị mkpa nke nchoputa a n'ichepụta ndidi, dịka ọmụmaatụ, obere TL kacha mma nwere ike ịpụta mkpa maka ịdị elu ogologo ogologo.N'otu oge ahụ, ikpo okwu mkpụrụ na-enye ohere dị ukwuu maka ịhọrọ ogologo mkpọda n'otu oge na-enweghị mmetụta dị ukwuu na mkpụrụ.
Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ gụnyere njedebe ndị a.Ntụgharị nke agịga ozugbo site na iji nchọpụta ihu na onyonyo ọsịsọ dị elu (Njirimara 12) pụtara na anyị nwere oke na mgbasa ozi anya anya dị ka ikuku na mmiri.Ọ ga-amasị anyị ịkọwapụta na anyị ejighị nnwale iji nwalee mmegharị mbufe simulated na nke ọzọ, mana ejiri ọmụmụ FEM chọpụta ogologo ogologo agịga arụpụtara.Site n'echiche nke njedebe bara uru, ogologo lancet site n'ọnụ ruo na aka uwe bụ 0.4 cm ogologo karịa agịga ndị ọzọ (AX1-3), lee fig.3b.Nke a nwere ike imetụta nzaghachi modal nke usoro acicular.Na mgbakwunye, udi na olu nke waveguide lead solder (lee foto 3) nwere ike imetụta nrụpụta nrụnye nke ntụtụ ahụ, na-ebute njehie na mgbochi n'ibu na omume ịgbagọ.
N'ikpeazụ, anyị ejirila nnwale gosipụta na geometry bevel na-emetụta ọnụọgụ ngbanwe na USeFNAB.N'ọnọdụ ebe njupụta dị elu nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị mma na mmetụta nke agịga na anụ ahụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịbelata arụmọrụ mgbe ọ kwụsịrị, a na-atụ aro lancet omenala maka USeFNAB, ebe ọ na-enye nnukwu nkwụsịtụ nke ukwuu mgbe ọ na-ejigide nkwụsi ike zuru oke. n'ọnụ ọnụ nke imewe.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya egosiwo na nkwụsịtụ dị ukwuu nwere ike ime ka mmetụta ndị dị ndụ dị ka cavitation, nke nwere ike inye aka ịmepụta ngwa maka ịwa ahụ dị ntakịrị.Nyere na egosiputara mmụba mkpokọta ike ụda na-abawanye mkpụrụ biopsy sitere na USeFNAB13, a ga-achọkwu ọmụmụ ọnụọgụ nke mkpụrụ nlere na ịdị mma iji nyochaa uru ụlọ ọgwụ zuru oke nke geometry agịga mụọ.
Frable, WJ Biopsy mma agịga dị mma: nyocha.Humph.Ọrịa.14:9-28.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0046-8177(83)80042-2 (1983).
Oge nzipu: Ọktoba 13-2022