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Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pesimba remahara uye simba repamusoro?Mukuongorora kwekupedzisira, uyu mubvunzo we semantic chete.Surface yemahara simba isimba remahara mune chaiyo nzvimbo (material surface).Mupfungwa yakachena ye thermodynamics, simba remahara rinoreva simba rinogona kushandiswa kushanda, kukonzera mhedzisiro, uye kuita kuti chimwe chinhu chiitike.Iyo yepamusoro yemahara simba inoenderana nesimba rinogona kuitwa pamusoro pechinhu.
Kune vagadziri uye chero munhu ane chekuita nekunamira, kuchenesa, kubatanidza, machira, ingi uye pendi maumbirwo, kumisa, kana chero imwe nzira inosanganisira kupindirana kwenzvimbo nedzimwe nzvimbo kana nharaunda yadzo, simba remahara repamusoro rinowanzopfupikiswa kuti ringori Surface simba.
Zviso zvakakoshera kune ese maitirwo akanyorwa pamusoro, uye kunyangwe aine tarisiro yakananga pakuita kwevagadziri vezvigadzirwa mumaindasitiri ese, kazhinji haayerwe uye nekudaro haana kudzorwa.
Kudzora nzvimbo mukugadzira zvinoreva kudzora simba repamusoro pezvinhu zvinoshandiswa.
Iyo yepamusoro inoumbwa nemamorekuru anodyidzana nemakemikari kune mumwe nemumwe uye mamorekuru anoumba pamusoro pezvimwe zvinhu zvavanosangana nazvo.Kuti uchinje simba repamusoro, zvinofanirwa kunzwisiswa kuti iwo mamorekuru anogona kubviswa nekuchenesa uye kurapwa, kutsiviwa kana neimwe nzira kushandiswa kuburitsa mazinga akasiyana esimba repamusoro uye kuwana mhedzisiro inodiwa.Kuti udzore simba repamusoro, rinofanirwa kuyerwa mukati mekuita kushandura kemikari yepasi kuti uone kuti riini uye nekuwanda sei.Nenzira iyi, iyo chaiyo huwandu hunodiwa hwepamusoro simba hunogona kuwanikwa panguva yakakodzera panguva yekunamatira kana kuchenesa maitiro.
Kuti tinzwisise kuti mamorekuru anoita sei basa rekuvaka zvisungo zvakasimba uye nzvimbo dzekuchenesa makemikari, tinoda kunzwisisa kukwezva kunodhonza mamorekuru pamwechete uye kuumba simba rose remahara renzvimbo iripo.
Kana tichitaura pamusoro pesimba repamusoro, tiri kutaura pamusoro pekugona kwepamusoro pekuita basa.Chaizvoizvo, uku ndiko kugona kwepasi kufambisa mamorekuru-kufamba uku kunoda simba.Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti nzvimbo uye mamorekuru anoumba pamusoro akafanana.Pasina mamorekuru, hapana nzvimbo.Kana pasina simba, mamorekuru aya haakwanisi kupedzisa basa rekushambadza pane adhesive, saka hapana chisungo.
Nokudaro, basa rinonyatsoenderana nesimba.Basa rakawanda rinoda simba rakawanda.Uyezve, kana uine simba rakawanda, basa rako richawedzera.Kugona kwemorekuru kushanda kunobva mukukwezva kwaro kune mamwe mamorekuru.Aya masimba anoyevedza anobva munzira dzakasiyana siyana umo mamorekuru anodyidzana.
Zvikurukuru, mamorekuru anopindirana nekuti ane mamorekuru akanaka uye asina kunaka, uye anokwezva kubhadharisa kwakapesana pakati pemamorekuru.Gore remaerekitironi rinoyangarara rakatenderedza morekuru.Nekuda kweaya maerekitironi anogara achifamba, molecule ine chaji inochinja mumorekuru wenzvimbo yakapihwa.Kana mamorekuru ese aine yunifomu yekuchaja yakaatenderedza, hapana mamorekuru anokwezva mumwe nemumwe.Fungidzira mabhora maviri ebhora, rimwe nerimwe bhora rine yunifomu kugovera maerekitironi pamusoro payo.Hapana achakwezva mumwe nemumwe nekuti vese vane mhosva isina kunaka uye hapana chaja yakanaka inogona kukwezvwa.
Sezvineiwo, munyika chaiyo, aya emagetsi makore anogara achifamba, uye kune nzvimbo dzine mhosva dzakanaka kana dzisina kunaka chero nguva.Kana uine mamorekuru maviri ane randomly chaja maerekitironi akapoteredzwa chero nguva nenguva, vachava kukwezvana zvishoma pakati pavo.Simba rinogadzirwa nekugovaniswazve kwemachaji akanaka neakaipa mugore reerekitironi rakatenderedza morekuru rinonzi simba rekuparadzira.
Masimba aya haana simba.Pasinei nechimiro kana kuumbwa kwemorekuru, kune simba rekuparadzira pakati pemamorekuru ese, akatarisana zvakananga nepolar simba rinogadzirwa nechimiro chemorekuru.
Semuenzaniso, simba rekuparadzira ndiro chete simba riripo pakati pemamorekuru enitrogen.Patembiricha yemumba, nitrogen imhando yegasi, nekuti simba rekuparadzira harina kusimba, haigone kuramba kuzunguzika kwemafuta kunyangwe patembiricha iri pakati nepakati, uye haigone kubata mamorekuru enitrogen pamwechete.Kana tikabvisa rinenge simba rose rekupisa nekuritonhodza kusvika pazasi -195°C ndipo nitrogen inova mvura.Kana simba rekupisa rikaderedzwa zvakakwana, simba rekuparadzira risina simba rinogona kukunda kuzunguzika kwemafuta uye kukwevera mamorekuru enitrogen pamwechete kuti aumbe mvura.
Kana tikatarisa mvura, hukuru hwayo hwema molecular uye hukuru hwakafanana neiyo yenitrogen, asi chimiro uye kuumbwa kwemamorekuru emvura zvakasiyana neaya enitrogen.Sezvo mvura iri polar molecule, mamorekuru anokwezvana zvakasimba, uye mvura inoramba iri mvura kusvika tembiricha yemvura yakwira pamusoro pe100°C.Pakupisa uku, simba rekupisa rinokunda molecular Nemasimba epolar akabatwa pamwechete, mvura inova gasi.
Chinhu chakakosha chekunzwisisa mutsauko musimba pakati pesimba rekuparadzira uye simba repolar rinokwezva mamorekuru kune mumwe nemumwe.Kana tichitaura nezve simba repamusoro rinogadzirwa neaya masimba anoyevedza, ndapota chengeta izvi mupfungwa.
Kupararira kwesimba repamusoro chikamu chesimba repamusoro, iro rinogadzirwa nekupararira kwema electron makore mumamorekuru ari pamusoro pechinhu.Iyo yakazara pamusoro pesimba iratidziro inoyevedza yekukwezva kwemamorekuru kune imwe neimwe.Simba repamusoro rakapararira chikamu chesimba rose, kunyange kana risina simba uye rinoshanduka-shanduka.
Nokuda kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, simba repamusoro rakapararira rakasiyana.Mapolymer anonhuwirira zvakanyanya (senge polystyrene) ane mhete dzakawanda dzebenzene uye mahombe epamusoro ekuparadzira masimba.Saizvozvo, nekuti iwo ane huwandu hukuru hweheteroatoms (senge chlorine), PVC ine zvakare yakakura yakapararira yepasi simba chikamu musimba rayo rose repamusoro.
Naizvozvo, basa rekuparadzira simba mukugadzira rinoenderana nezvinhu zvinoshandiswa.Zvisinei, sezvo simba rekuparadzira risingatsamiri pane chaiwo magadzirirwo emamorekuru, nzira yekuadzora ishoma.
Iko kudyidzana kweakapararira erekitironi kutsauka kunoenderana nekushanduka uku haisi iyo yega nzira yekuti mamorekuru adyidzane.Nekuda kwezvimwe zvimiro zvinogadzira mamwe masimba anoyevedza pakati pemamorekuru, mamorekuru anogona kusangana nemamwe mamorekuru.Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuisa mamwe masimba aya, senge acid-base interactions, apo mamorekuru anodyidzana kuburikidza nekugona kwavo kugamuchira kana kupa maerekitironi.
Mamwe mamorekuru ane zvimiro zvinogadzira dipoles zvechigarire, izvo zvinoreva kuti, kunze kwekupararira kwemaerekitironi kwakatenderedza mamorekuru, mamwe mativi emorekuru anogara ari akanaka kana kuti asina kunaka kupfuura mamwe.Aya ma dipoles echigarire anonyanya kukwezva pane kuparadzira kudyidzana.
Nekuda kwechimiro chavo, mamwe mamorekuru ane matunhu akachaja zvachose angave akanaka kana akashata.Polar surface energy inhengo yesimba repamusoro, rinokonzerwa nekukwezvwa kwemachaji aya pakati pemamorekuru.
Isu tinokwanisa kutarisisa zviri nyore zvese zvisiri-kuparadzira kupindirana pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwepolar kupindirana.
The dispersion properties of a molecule ibasa rekukura kwemorekuru, kunyanya maerekitironi nemapurotoni aripo.Hatina masimba akawanda pamusoro pehuwandu hwemaerekitironi nemapurotoni, izvo zvinotadzisa kukwanisa kwedu kudzora chikamu chekuparadzira chesimba repamusoro.
Zvisinei, chikamu che polar chinoenderana nechinzvimbo cheproton uye maerekitironi-chimiro chemorekuru.Tinogona kushandura kugovera maerekitironi nemaproton kuburikidza nenzira dzekurapa senge corona kurapwa uye plasma kurapwa.Izvi zvakafanana nekuchinja kwatingaita chimiro chevhu revhu, asi rinogara richichengetedza hunhu hwakafanana.
Masimba epolar akakosha zvikuru nekuti chikamu chesimba repamusoro ratinotonga kana tichirapa pamusoro.Dipole-dipole kukwezva ndicho chikonzero chekunamatira kwakasimba pakati pezvizhinji zvekunamatira, pendi neingi uye pamusoro.Kuburikidza nekuchenesa, kurapwa kwemoto, kurapwa kwekona, kurapwa kweplasma kana chero imwe nzira yekurapa kwepamusoro, tinogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya chikamu chepolar chesimba repamusoro, nekudaro tichivandudza kunamatira.
Nekushandisa divi rimwechete reIPA pukuta kaviri panzvimbo imwe chete, zvinhu zvakaderera-simba zvinogona kuunzwa pamusoro kuti uderedze nekusaziva chikamu chepolar chesimba repamusoro.Mukuwedzera, iyo yepamusoro inogona kunge yakanyanyisa kurapwa, iyo inoputika uye inoderedza simba repamusoro.Kana iyo yepamusoro isati yagadzirwa zvachose, chikamu chepolar chesimba repamusoro chinoshandukawo.Nzvimbo yakachena yekuchengetedza inokwezva mamorekuru munharaunda, kusanganisira yekurongedza zvinhu.Izvi zvinoshandura chimiro chemolecular chepamusoro uye zvinogona kuderedza simba repamusoro.
Hatikwanisi kudzora ukuru hwekupararira.Aya masimba akanyatsogadziriswa, uye hapana kukosha mukuedza kushandura simba rekuparadzira senzira yekudzora kunaka kwepamusoro kuti uwane kunamatira kwakavimbika panguva yekugadzira.
Kana isu tichigadzira kana kugadzirisa pamusoro, isu tiri kugadzira zvimiro zvepolar chikamu chesimba repamusoro.Naizvozvo, kana isu tichida kukudziridza nzira yekurapa pamusoro pekutonga pamusoro pezvinhu, saka tinoda kudzora kuumbwa kwepolar kwepamusoro.
Surface mahara simba ndiwo muunganidzwa wemasimba ese ari pakati pemamorekuru.Pane mamwe maformula epamusoro pesimba remahara.Kana tikasarudza kubata masimba ese asina kupararira semasimba epolar, kuverenga kwepasi simba remahara kuri nyore.Formula ndeiyi:
Mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinovimbika, kurapwa kwepamusoro, kucheneswa uye kugadzirira, simba repamusoro rakasununguka rakafanana nepamusoro pesimba.
Nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvinosanganisirwa mumatanho akasiyana, akadai sekuita kwekunamatira kwejoinhi, kunamatira kwakaringana kweinki papurasitiki kana kupfekedza kuita kwe "self-cleaning" coating pane smartphone skrini, zvese zvinoenderana nekutonga. pamusoro pezvinhu.Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise simba repamusoro semhedzisiro yepfungwa yekugadzira.
Simba repamusoro rinobva nenzira dzakasiyana idzo mamorekuru anokwezvana.Kudyidzana kwepolar pakati pemamorekuru ndiko kwakanyanya kukosha pakunamira nekuchenesa maitiro, nekuti uku kupindirana kwema molecular-level ndiko kupindirana kwema molecular kwatinokwanisa kudzora zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekurapa kwepamusoro, kugaya, jecha, kuchenesa, kupukuta kana chero imwe nzira yekugadzirira pamusoro.
Kuziva kwe polarity uye kupararira kuumbwa uye tension yepasi kwakakosha zvakanyanya pakuvandudza zvinonamira, ingi uye machira.Nekudaro, kune zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa uchishandisa adhesives, ingi, pendi uye machira, isu kazhinji tinongoda kutarisisa kune chikamu chepolar chesimba repamusoro, nekuti ndiyo inobatwa nemaitiro ekugadzira.
Kuyera huwandu hwesimba repamusoro inzira yakaoma uye inokanganisa.Zvisineyi, kona yekubata kwemvura imwe chete semvura inenge yakatemwa nechikamu chepolar chesimba repamusoro.Naizvozvo, nekuyera kona inogadzirwa nehurefu hwedonhwe remvura pamusoro, tinogona kuziva nekururama kunoshamisa kuti chikamu chepolar chesimba repamusoro chinoshanduka sei.Kazhinji, kukwirisa kwesimba repamusoro, kudiki kwekona kunokonzerwa nemadonhwe emvura kukwezva nekupararira kana kunyorova.Simba repasi rinodzika rinoita kuti mvura iite mabhero uye idikidiki kuita tuturu tudiki pamusoro, zvichiita hombe yekona.Iko kuenderana kweiyi yekusangana kona kuyerwa kune hukama nepamusoro pesimba uye nekudaro kune adhesion kuita, iyo inopa vanogadzira yakavimbika uye inodzokororwa nzira yekuona kusimba kwezvigadzirwa zvavo.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve kudzora maitiro ekugadzira kuti uwane mamwe mhedzisiro mhedzisiro, dhawunirodha yedu e-bhuku remahara: Simbisa kufungidzira kunamatira mukugadzira kuburikidza nekuita.Iri e-bhuku ndiro gwara rako rekugadzirisa kutarisa uchishandisa kufungidzira analytics, maitiro anobvisa zvese zvekufungidzira nezve kuchengetedza kunaka kwepamusoro mukati mekuita kwekubatana.