Kea leboha ha u etetse Nature.com.Mofuta oa sebatli oo u o sebelisang o na le tšehetso e fokolang ea CSS.Bakeng sa boiphihlelo bo botle ka ho fetesisa, re khothaletsa hore o sebelise sebatli se ntlafalitsoeng (kapa o tima Compatibility Mode ho Internet Explorer).Khabareng, ho netefatsa ts'ehetso e tsoelang pele, re tla fana ka sebaka sa marang-rang ntle le mekhoa le JavaScript.
Haufinyane tjena ho bontšitsoe hore tšebeliso ea ultrasound e eketsa chai ea lisele ho ultrasound-assisted fine needle aspiration (USeFNAB) ha e bapisoa le tloaelo e tloaelehileng ea nale aspiration (FNAB).Ho fihlela joale, kamano pakeng tsa bevel geometry le tip movement ha e so ithutoe ka botlalo.Thutong ena, re ile ra etsa lipatlisiso ka thepa ea resonance ea nale le amplitude ea ho kheloha bakeng sa li-geometri tse fapaneng tsa nale tse nang le bolelele bo fapaneng ba bevel.Ho sebelisoa lancet e tloaelehileng ea 3.9 mm, "tip deflection power factor" (DPR) moeeng le metsing e ne e le 220 le 105 µm/W ka ho latellana.Sena se phahame ho feta ntlha ea axisymmetric 4mm beveled, e fana ka 180 le 80 µm/W DPR moeeng le metsing, ka ho latellana.Phuputso ena e totobatsa bohlokoa ba kamano pakeng tsa boima ba ho khumama ba bevel geometry tabeng ea mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho kenya, ka hona e ka fana ka temohisiso ea mekhoa ea ho laola ketso ea ho itšeha ka mor'a ho phunya ka ho fetola nale bevel geometry, e leng ea bohlokoa.bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea USeFNAB e bohlokoa.
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) ke mokhoa oa ho fumana lisampole tsa linale bakeng sa ho belaelloang hore pathology1,2,3 ka ho sebelisa nale.Keletso ea Franseen e bontšitsoe e fana ka ts'ebetso e phahameng ea tlhahlobo ho feta malebela a tloaelehileng a lancet4 le Menghini5.Matsoapo a Axisymmetric (e leng circumferential) a boetse a khothaletsoa ho eketsa monyetla oa ho ba le disampole tse lekaneng tsa histopathological.
Nakong ea biopsy, nalete e fetisoa ka har'a letlalo le lisele ho fumana liso tse belaetsang.Liphuputso tsa morao-rao li bontšitse hore ultrasound e ka fokotsa matla a ho phunyeletsa a hlokahalang ho fihlella lisele tse bonolo7,8,9,10.Needle bevel geometry e bontšitsoe hore e ama matla a ho sebelisana ha nale, mohlala, li-bevel tse telele li bontšitsoe hore li na le matla a tlaase a ho kenella ha lisele11.Ka mor'a hore nale e kene ka holim'a lesela, ke hore ka mor'a ho phunya, matla a ho itšeha a nale e ka ba 75% ea matla a ho sebelisana a nale le lisele12.Ho 'nile ha bontšoa hore karolong ea ka mor'a ho phunya, ultrasound (ultrasound) e eketsa bokhoni ba ho hlahloba lisele tse bonolo tsa lisele.Mekhoa e meng ea "ultrasound" e ntlafalitsoeng ea "biopsy" e ntlafalitsoe bakeng sa ho nka lisampole tsa lisele tse thata, empa ha ho liphetho tse tlalehiloeng tse ntlafatsang chai ea biopsy.Liphuputso tse ngata li boetse li netefalitse hore ho falla ha mechine ho eketseha ha ho tlas'a khatello ea kelello ea ultrasonic16,17,18.Le hoja ho na le lithuto tse ngata ka matla a axial (longitudinal) static ka ho sebelisana ha linale19,20, ho na le lithuto tse fokolang mabapi le matla a nakoana le geometry ea nale bevel tlas'a ultrasonic FNAB (USeFNAB).
Sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho batlisisa phello ea li-geometri tse fapaneng tsa bevel motsamaong oa ntlha ea nale ka nale e tsamaisoang ke ho kobeha ha ultrasonic.Haholo-holo, re ile ra batlisisa phello ea mochini oa ente ho kheloha ntlha ea nale ka mor'a ho phunya li-bevel tsa linale tsa setso (ke hore, linale tsa USeFNAB bakeng sa merero e fapaneng joalo ka ho khetha kapa ho fumana linale tse bonolo.
Li-geometri tse fapaneng tsa bevel li kenyellelitsoe thutong ena.(a) Tlhaloso ea Lancet e lumellana le ISO 7864:201636 moo \(\alpha\) e leng bevel ea mantlha, \(\theta\) e leng angle ea ho potoloha ea bevel ea bobeli, le \(\phi\) ke bevel ea bobeli. angle., ha o potoloha, ka likhato (\(^\circ\)).(b) Linear asymmetrical single step chamfers (tse bitsoang "standard" ho DIN 13097:201937) le (c) Linear axisymmetric (circumferential) single step chamfers.
Mokhoa oa rona o qala ka ho etsa mohlala oa phetoho ea bolelele ba maqhubu haufi le bevel bakeng sa li-geometri tse tloaelehileng tsa lancet, axisymmetric, le asymmetric single-stage bevel.Ka mor'a moo re ile ra bala thuto ea parametric ho hlahloba phello ea letsoapo la phaephe le bolelele ho mokelikeli oa mochine oa phetisetso.Sena sea hlokahala ho fumana bolelele bo nepahetseng ba ho etsa nale ea prototype.Ho ipapisitsoe le papiso, ho ile ha etsoa li-prototype tsa nale, 'me boits'oaro ba bona ba resonant bo ile ba lekoa ka ho lekanya li-coefficients tsa voltage reflection le ho bala matla a phetisetso ea matla moeeng, metsi le 10% (w/v) ballistic gelatin, eo ho neng ho khethiloe nako ea ts'ebetso. .Qetellong, ho nahana ka lebelo le phahameng ho sebelisoa ho lekanya ka ho toba ho kheloha ha leqhubu le kobehang ntlheng ea nale moeeng le metsing, hammoho le ho hakanya matla a motlakase a fanoang ka lehlakoreng le leng le le leng la oblique le geometry ea tekanyo ea matla a ho kheloha. DPR) ho ea sebakeng se entetsoeng..
Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 2a, sebelisa tube ea 21 gauge (0.80 mm OD, 0.49 mm ID, botenya ba lerako la 0.155 mm, lerako le tloaelehileng) ho hlalosa tube ea nale e nang le bolelele ba tube (TL) le bevel angle (BL) ho latela ISO. 9626: 201621) ka 316 tšepe e sa hloekang (Modulus ea Young 205 \ (\ mongolo {GN / m} ^ {2}\), boima ba 8070 kg / m \ (^{3}\) le karolelano ea Poisson 0.275).
Boikemisetso ba wavelength e kobehang le tokiso ea mofuta oa finite element (FEM) bakeng sa nale le maemo a moeli.(a) Boikemisetso ba bolelele ba bevel (BL) le bolelele ba phala (TL).(b) Moetso oa finite element oa mahlakore a mararo (3D) (FEM) o sebelisa "haronic point force" \(\tilde{F}_y\vec {j}\) ho khanna nale ho feta, ho khelosa ntlha, le ho lekanya lebelo. keletso (\ ( \ tilde {u}_y\vec {j}\), \(\ tilde{v}_y\vec {j}\)) ho bala phetiso ea mokelikeli oa mochini.\(\ lambda _y\) e hlalosoa e le bolelele ba maqhubu a kobehang bo amanang le matla a emeng \(\ tilde{F}_y\vec {j}\).(c) Litlhaloso tsa setsi sa matla a khoheli, sebaka sa A, le linako tsa inertia \(I_{xx}\) le \(I_{yy}\) ho potoloha lilepe tsa x le y, ka ho latellana.
Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe feiga.2b,c, bakeng sa leballo le sa feleng (le sa feleng) le nang le karolo e ka holimo-limo ea A le bophahamong bo boholo ho feta boholo ba karolo ea sefapano, lebelo le kobehileng (kapa le kobehileng) \( c_{EI }\) le khethoa ke 22 :
moo E is Young's modulus (\(\text {N/m}^{2}\)), \(\omega _0 = 2\pi f_0\) ke excitation angular frequency (rad/s), moo \( f_0 \ ) ke maqhubu a mela (1/s kapa Hz), ke motsotso oa inertia ea sebaka se potolohileng axis ea thahasello\((\text {m}^{4})\), \(m'=\ rho _0 A\ ) ke boima bo bolelele ba yuniti (kg/m), moo \(\rho _0\) e leng density\((\text {kg/m}^{3})\) le A ke sefapano karolo ea sebaka sa lebala (xy plane) (\(\ mongolo {m}^{2}\)).Kaha matla a sebelisitsoeng mohlaleng oa rona a bapile le axis ea y, ke hore \(\tilde{F}_y\vec {j}\), re thahasella feela motsotso oa sebaka oa inertia ho potoloha x-axis e otlolohileng, ke hore \(I_{xx}\), kahoo:
Bakeng sa mofuta oa finite element (FEM), ho nahanoa hore ho na le phallo e hloekileng ea harmonic (m), kahoo ho potlakisa (\(\text {m/s}^{2}\)) ho hlalosoa e le \(\ partial ^2 \vec). {u}/ \ karolo e itseng t^2 = -\omega ^2\vec {u}\) joalo ka \(\vec {u}(x, y, z, t): = u_x\vec {i} + u_y\ vec {j } + u_z\vec {k}\) ke vector ea phalliso e mahlakore a mararo e fanoeng ka likhokahanyo tsa sebaka.Sebakeng sa ea morao-rao, ho latela ts'ebetsong ea eona ho sephutheloana sa software sa COMSOL Multiphysics (liphetolelo tsa 5.4-5.5, COMSOL Inc., Massachusetts, USA), mofuta o lekanyelitsoeng oa Lagrangian oa molao oa tekanyo ea lebelo o fanoa ka tsela e latelang:
moo \(\vec {\nabla}:= \frac{\partial}}{\partial x}\vec {i} + \frac{\ partial}}{\partial y}\vec {j} + \frac{ \partial {\ partial z}\vec {k}\) is the tensor divergence operator, \({\ underline{\sigma}}\) ke Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor ea bobeli (taelo ea bobeli, \(\ text { N/ m}^{2}\)) le \(\vec {F_V}:= F_{V_x}\vec {i}+ F_{V_y}\vec {j}+ F_{V_z}\vec {k} \) ke vector ea matla a 'mele (\(\text {N/m}^{3}\)) bakeng sa molumo o mong le o mong o holofetseng, le \(e^{j\phi }\) ke phase angle vector\(\ phi \ ) ( thaba).Tabeng ea rona, matla a molumo oa 'mele ke zero, mohlala oa rona o nka mokhoa oa geometric linearity le deformation e nyenyane e tsitsitseng, ke hore, moo \({\ underline{\ varepsilon}}}^{el}\) le \({\ underline {\ varepsilon}}\) ke khatello ea elastic le khatello e felletseng (taelo ea bobeli, e se nang moeli), ka ho latellana.Hooke's constitutive isotropic elasticity tensor \(\underline{\underline{C}}\) e khomphuta ho sebelisoa Young's modulus E (\(\text {N/m}^{2}\)) le Poisson's ratio v e khethiloe, kahoo ke hore. \(\ underline{\ underline{C}}:=\ underline{\ underline{C}}(E,v)\) (tatellano ea bone).Kahoo palo ea khatello ea maikutlo e fetoha \({\ underline{\sigma}} := \ underline{\ underline{C}}:{\ underline{\ varepsilon}}}).
Palo e sebelisa karolo ea 10-node tetrahedral e nang le boholo ba element \(\le\) ea 8 µm.Nale e entsoe ka vacuum, 'me boleng ba motsamao o fetisitsoeng oa mochini (ms-1 N-1) o hlalosoa e le \(|\tilde{Y}_{v_yF_y}|= |\tilde{v}_y\vec { j}|/ |\ tilde{F}_y\vec {j}|\)24, moo \(\tilde{v}_y\vec {j}\) e leng lebelo le rarahaneng la tlhahiso ea letsoho le \(\ tilde {F}_y\ vec {j }\) ke matla a ho khanna a rarahaneng a teng qetellong ea tube, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 2b.Fetolela ho feto-fetoha ha metsi ka li-decibel (dB) u sebelisa boholo ba boleng e le litšupiso, ke hore \(20\log _{10} (|\tilde{Y}|/ |\tilde{Y}_{max}|) \ ) .Lithuto tsohle tsa FEM li entsoe ka makhetlo a 29.75 kHz.
Sebopeho sa nale (Setšoantšo sa 3) se na le nale e tloaelehileng ea 21-gauge hypodermic (Cat. No. 4665643, Sterican \ (^\ circledR \), bophara ba ka ntle 0.8 mm, bolelele ba 120 mm, AISI 304 chromium-nickel e sa hloekang. steel , B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany) e nang le polasetiki ea Luer Lock sleeve e entsoeng ka polypropylene qetellong ea proximal mme e fetotsoe ka mokhoa o loketseng qetellong.The nale tube soldered ho waveguide joalokaha ho bontšitsoe Fig. 3b.Li-waveguides li ne li hatisoa mochineng oa khatiso oa 3D oa tšepe e sa hloekang (EOS 316L tšepe e sa hloekang mochineng oa khatiso oa EOS M 290 3D, 3D Formtech Oy, Jyväskylä, Finland) 'me e ntan'o khomarela mochine oa Langevin o sebelisa liboutu tsa M4.Sensor ea Langevin e na le likarolo tse 8 tsa selikalikoe tsa piezoelectric tse kentsoeng lipheletsong ka bobeli ka bongata bo boholo.
Mefuta e mene ea malebela (setšoantšo), lancet e fumanehang khoebong (L) le li-bevel tse tharo tse entsoeng axisymmetric single-stage (AX1-3) li ne li khetholloa ka bolelele ba bevel (BL) ea 4, 1.2 le 0.5 mm, ka ho latellana.(a) Ho koala ntlha ea nale e phethiloeng.(b) Pono e holimo ea lithapo tse 'nè tse rekisoang ho 3D e hatisitsoeng ea waveguide ebe e hokahanngoa le sensor ea Langevin e nang le liboutu tsa M4.
Malebela a mararo a axisymmetric bevel (Setšoantšo sa 3) a entsoe (TAs Machine Tools Oy) ka bolelele ba bevel (BL, joalokaha ho hlalositsoe ho Fig. 2a) ea 4.0, 1.2 le 0.5 mm, e lumellanang le \ (\ approx) 2 \ (^ \ circ\), 7\(^\circ\) le 18\(^\circ\) ka ho latellana.Boima ba waveguide le nale ke 3.4 ± 0.017 g (e bolelang ± sd, n = 4) bakeng sa li-bevels L le AX1-3, ka ho latellana (Quintix\(^\circledR\) 224 Design 2, Sartorius AG, Göttingen, Jeremane) .Bakeng sa li-bevel tsa L le AX1-3 ho Setšoantšo sa 3b, bolelele bohle ho tloha ntlheng ea nale ho ea qetellong ea sleeve ea polasetiki e ne e le 13.7, 13.3, 13.3, le 13.3 cm, ka ho latellana.
Bakeng sa litlhophiso tsohle tsa nale, bolelele ho tloha ntlheng ea nale ho ea ntlheng ea waveguide (ke hore, ho ea sebakeng se chesehelang) e ne e le 4,3 cm, 'me tšupa ea nale e ne e lebisitsoe ho sehiloeng holimo (ke hore, e bapileng le axis ea Y) , joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong.c (setšoantšo sa 2).
Sengoloa sa tloaelo ho MATLAB (R2019a, The MathWorks Inc., Massachusetts, USA) se sebetsang komporong (Latitude 7490, Dell Inc., Texas, USA) se ile sa sebelisoa ho hlahisa lesela la sinusoidal sweep ho tloha ho 25 ho isa ho 35 kHz bakeng sa metsotsoana e 7, ho fetisa A digital-to-analog (DA) converter (Analog Discovery 2, Digilent Inc., Washington, USA) e fetolelang letšoao la analoge.Letšoao la analoge \(V_0\) (0.5 Vp-p) le ile la matlafatsoa ka amplifier ea radio frequency (RF) e inehetseng (Mariachi Oy, Turku, Finland).Falling amplified voltage \({V_I}\) ho tsoa ho amplifier ea RF e nang le impedance ea 50 ohms e feptjoa ho transformer e hahiloeng ka har'a sebopeho sa nale e nang le tšitiso e kenang ea 50 ohms.Li-transducers tsa Langevin (li-transducers tse ka pele le tse ka morao tsa multilayer piezoelectric) li sebelisoa ho hlahisa maqhubu a mechine.Amplifier ea tloaelo ea RF e na le metara ea "dual-channel stand wave power factor" (SWR) e tlalehang ketsahalo \({V_I}\)' me e bonahatsa amplified voltage\(V_R\) ka mokhoa oa analog-to-digital (AD).ka tekanyo ea sampole ea 300 kHz Converter (analogue Discovery 2).Letšoao la ho hlasimolla le fetotsoe ka amplitude qalong le qetellong ho thibela ho kenya letsoho ho amplifier ka nakoana.
Ho sebelisoa mongolo o tloaelehileng o kentsoeng ho MATLAB, mosebetsi oa ho arabela khafetsa (FRF), ke hore \(\tilde{H}(f)\), o hakantsoe kantle ho marang-rang ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa ho lekanya sinusoidal sweep oa likanale tse peli (setšoantšo sa 4), se nkang linearity ka nako.tsamaiso e sa fetoheng.Ho feta moo, filthara ea 20 ho isa ho 40 kHz band pass e sebelisoa ho tlosa maqhubu a sa batleheng ho tsoa lets'oao.Ha ho buuoa ka khopolo ea lithapo tsa phetiso, tabeng ena \(\tilde{H}(f)\) e lekana le coefficient ea voltage reflection, ke hore \(\rho _{V} \equiv {V_R}/{V_I}\). ) \) e fokotsehile ho \({V_R}^ 2 /{V_I}^2\ ) e lekanang le \(|\rho _{V}|^2\).Maemong ao ho hlokahalang boleng ba matla a motlakase a felletseng, matla a ketsahalo \(P_I\) le matla a bonts'itsoeng \(P_R\) (W) a baloa ka ho nka boleng ba rms (rms) ba motlakase o tsamaellanang, mohlala.bakeng sa mohala oa phetiso o nang le excitation ea sinusoidal \( P = {V}^2/(2Z_0)\)26, moo \(Z_0\) e lekanang le 50 \(\Omega\).Matla a motlakase a fanoang ho mojaro \(P_T\) (ke hore, mokhoa o kentsoeng) o ka baloa e le \(|P_I - P_R |\) (W RMS), hammoho le katleho ea phetisetso ea matla (PTE) le peresente ( %) e ka khethoa hore na sebopeho se fanoe joang, kahoo 27:
Acicular modal frequencies \(f_{1-3}\) (kHz) le lintlha tse tsamaellanang tsa phetiso ea matla \(\text {PTE}_{1{-}3} \) joale li hakanngoa ho sebelisoa FRF.FWHM (\(\text {FWHM}_{1{-}3}\), Hz) e hakanngoa ka kotloloho ho \(\mongolo {PTE}_{1{-}3}\), ho tsoa ho Lethathamo la 1 A lehlakoreng le le leng linear spectrum e fumanoa ka mokhoa o hlalositsoeng oa maqhubu \(f_{1-3}\).
Tekanyo ea karabelo ea khafetsa (AFC) ea meaho ea linale.Sinusoidal two-channel sweep measurement25,38 e sebelisoa ho fumana mosebetsi oa karabelo ea maqhubu \(\tilde{H}(f)\) le karabo ea eona ea tšusumetso H(t).\({\ mathcal {F}}\) le \({\ mathcal {F}}^{-1}\) li emela phetoho ea Fourier ea ho fokotseha ha digital le ho fapana ha eona, ka ho latellana.\(\tilde{G}(f)\) e bolela sehlahisoa sa matšoao a mabeli sebakeng sa maqhubu, mohlala \(\tilde{G}_{XrX}\) e bolela sehlahisoa sa inverse scan \(\tilde{ X} r (f)\ ) le ho theola motlakase \(\tilde{X}(f)\) ka ho latellana.
Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 5, khamera ea lebelo le phahameng (Phantom V1612, Vision Research Inc., NJ, USA) e na le lense e kholo (MP-E 65mm, \(f\)/2.8, 1-5\).(\ linako\), Canon Inc., Tokyo, Japan), ho rekota ho kheloha ha malebela nakong ea ho khumamela monyaka (maqhubu a le mong, sinusoid e tsoelang pele) ka maqhubu a 27.5-30 kHz.Ho theha 'mapa oa moriti, ho ile ha behoa karolo e pholileng ea LED e tšoeu ea matla a phahameng (nomoro ea karolo: 4052899910881, LED e tšoeu, 3000 K, 4150 lm, Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH, Regensburg, Jeremane) e ile ea behoa ka morao ho ntlha ea nale.
Pono e ka pele ea tlhahlobo ea liteko.Botebo bo lekanngoa ho tloha holim'a sehare.Sebopeho sa nale se tlameletsoe 'me se behiloe holim'a tafole ea phetisetso ea motlakase.Sebelisa khamera ea lebelo le holimo e nang le lense e holisang holimo (5\(\x\)) ho metha ho kheloha ha angle e oblique.Litekanyo tsohle li ka limilimithara.
Bakeng sa mofuta o mong le o mong oa bevel ea nale, re rekotile liforeimi tse 300 tsa kh'amera e lebelo le holimo e boholo ba lipikselse tse 128 \(\x\) 128, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le qeto ea sebaka sa 1/180 mm (\(\ approx) 5 µm), e nang le qeto ea nakoana ea liforeimi tse 310,000 motsotsoana.Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 6, foreime e 'ngoe le e' ngoe (1) e hahiloe (2) hoo ntlha ea nale e le moleng oa ho qetela (ka tlaase) oa foreimi, 'me histogram ea setšoantšo (3) e baloa, kahoo Canny. menyako ea 1 le 2 e ka khethoa.Ebe u sebelisa Canny edge discovery 28(4) ka Sobel operator 3 \(\times\) 3 le compute positions for non-hypotenuse pixels (tse ngotsoeng \(\mathbf {\ times }\)) ntle le cavitation 300 time steps.Ho fumana mefuta e mengata ea ho fapoha ha ntlha, bala mokhelo (ho sebelisa algorithm ea phapang e bohareng) (6) 'me u bone foreimi (7) e nang le maemo a feteletseng a sebaka (ke hore tlhoro) ea ho kheloha.Ka mor'a tlhahlobo ea pono ea moeli o se nang cavitation, ho ile ha khethoa para ea liforeimi (kapa liforeimi tse peli tse nang le nako ea halofo ea nako) (7) 'me ho kheloha ha ntlha ho ile ha lekanngoa (e hlalosoa e le \(\ mathbf {\ times } \)).Lintlha tse ka holimo li kenngoa ts'ebetsong ho Python (v3.8, Python Software Foundation, python.org) ho sebelisoa algorithm ea OpenCV Canny Edge discovery (v4.5.1, laebrari ea pono ea k'homphieutha e bulehileng, opencv.org).Qetellong, ntlha ea matla a ho kheloha (DPR, µm/W) e baloa e le karo-karolelano ea ho fapoha ha peak-to-tlhōrō ho matla a fetisoang a motlakase \(P_T\) (Wrms).
Ho sebelisa algorithm ea mehato e 7 (1-7), ho kenyeletsoa ho lema (1-2), Canny edge discovery (3-4), lipalo, lekanya boemo ba pixel ba ntlha e khelohileng ka ho sebelisa letoto la liforeimi tse nkiloeng ho tloha holimo- kh'amera e lebelo ho 310 kHz (5) le ho tsoa ho nako ea eona (6), 'me qetellong, mefuta e fapaneng ea ho kheloha e lekantsoe ka liforeimi tse hlahlobiloeng ka mahlo (7).
E lekantsoe moeeng (22.4-22.9 ° C), metsi a ntšitsoeng (20.8-21.5 ° C) le 10% (w/v) aqueous ballistic gelatin (19.7-23.0 ° C , \(\text {Honeywell}^{\ text { TM}}\) \(\text {Fluka}^{\text {TM}}\) Gelatin ea Bovine le Pork Bone bakeng sa Mofuta oa I Ballistic Analysis, Honeywell International, North Carolina, USA).Mocheso o ne o lekantsoe ka K-type thermocouple amplifier (AD595, Analog Devices Inc., MA, USA) le thermocouple ea mofuta oa K (Fluke 80PK-1 Bead Probe No. 3648 type-K, Fluke Corporation, Washington, USA).Sebelisa sethala se emeng sa Z-axis (8MT50-100BS1-XYZ, Standa Ltd., Vilnius, Lithuania) ho lekanya botebo ho tsoa sebakeng sa media (se behiloeng joalo ka tšimoloho ea Z-axis) ka qeto ea 5 µm ka mohato.
Kaha mohlala oa boholo bo ne bo le bonyenyane (n = 5) 'me ho ne ho ke ke ha nahanoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng, ho ile ha sebelisoa mehlala e' meli ea tlhahlobo ea boemo ba Wilcoxon e nang le mehatla e 'meli (R, v4.0.3, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, r-project.org) ho bapisa palo ea malebela a fapaneng bakeng sa li-bevel tse fapaneng.Ho ile ha etsoa lipapiso tse tharo bakeng sa letsoapo le leng le le leng, kahoo tokiso ea Bonferroni e sebelisitsoe ka boemo bo fetotsoeng ba bohlokoa ba 0.017 le sekhahla sa phoso sa 5%.
Ho buuoa ka setšoantšo sa 7 ka tlase.Ka 29.75 kHz, halofo ea bolelele bo kobehileng (\(\lambda _y/2\)) ea nale ea 21-gauge ke \(\hoo e ka bang) 8 mm.Bophahamo ba maqhubu a ho kobeha boa fokotseha haufi le letsoapo ha e ntse e atamela ntlheng.Ntlheng ea \(\ lambda _y/2\) ho na le li-bevel tse hatang tsa 3, 1 le 7 mm, ka ho latellana, bakeng sa lancets e tloaelehileng (a), asymmetric (b) le axisymmetric (c).Kahoo, sena se bolela hore lancet e tla fapana ka 5 mm (ka lebaka la hore lifofane tse peli tsa lancet li etsa ntlha ea 29.30), letsoapo la asymmetrical le tla fapana ka limilimithara tse 7, le letsoapo la symmetrical. ka 1 mm.Axisymmetric slopes (bohareng ba matla a khoheli bo lula bo tšoana, kahoo botenya ba lebota bo hlile bo fetoha ho theosa le letsoapo).
Tšebeliso ea thuto ea FEM ho 29.75 kHz le equation.(1) Bala phetoho e kobehang ea halofo ea leqhubu (\(\lambda _y/2\)) bakeng sa lancet (a), asymmetric (b) le axisymmetric (c) geometry e oblique (joaloka setšoantšong sa 1a,b,c).).Kakaretso \(\lambda_y/2\) bakeng sa matsoapo a lancet, asymmetric, le axisymmetric ke 5.65, 5.17, le 7.52 mm, ka ho latellana.Hlokomela hore botenya ba ntlha bakeng sa li-bevel tsa asymmetric le axisymmetric bo lekanyelitsoe ho \(\ approx) 50 µm.
Peak mobility \(|\tilde{Y}_{v_yF_y}|\) ke motsoako oa optimal tube length (TL) le inclination length (BL) (Fig. 8, 9).Bakeng sa lancet e tloaelehileng, kaha boholo ba eona bo tsitsitse, TL e nepahetseng ke \ (\ approx \) 29.1 mm (setšoantšo sa 8).Bakeng sa matsoapo a asymmetric le axisymmetric (Setšoantšo sa 9a, b, ka ho latellana), thuto ea FEM e kenyelelitse BL ho tloha ho 1 ho ea ho 7 mm, kahoo mefuta e metle ea TL e ne e tloha ho 26.9 ho ea ho 28.7 mm (range 1.8 mm) le ho tloha 27.9 ho ea ho 29.2 mm (range) 1.3 limilimithara).)), ka ho latellana.Bakeng sa matsoapo a asymmetric (setšoantšo sa 9a), TL e nepahetseng e ile ea eketseha ka mokhoa o lekanang, ea fihla sehlabeng ho BL 4 mm, ebe e fokotseha ka matla ho tloha BL 5 ho ea ho 7 mm.Bakeng sa matsoapo a axisymmetric (setšoantšo sa 9b), TL e nepahetseng e eketseha ka ho lekana le BL elongation 'me qetellong e tsitsitse ho BL ho tloha 6 ho ea ho 7 mm.Boithuto bo atolositsoeng ba matsoapo a axisymmetric (Setšoantšo sa 9c) se bonts'itse sehlopha se fapaneng sa li-TL tse nepahetseng tse fumanehang ho \ (\ hoo e ka bang) 35.1-37.1 mm.Bakeng sa li-BL kaofela, sebaka se pakeng tsa lihlopha tse peli tsa TL tse nepahetseng ke \(\ approx\) 8 mm (e lekanang le \(\lambda _y/2\)).
Motsamao oa phetisetso ea Lancet ho 29.75 kHz.Leqhubu la nale le ne le fetotsoe ka makhetlo a 29.75 kHz, ho sisinyeha ho ne ho lekanyetsoa qetellong 'me ho hlalosoa e le palo ea ho tsamaea ha mechine e fetisitsoeng (dB e amanang le boleng bo phahameng) bakeng sa TL 26.5-29.5 mm (mohato oa 0.1 mm).
Liphuputso tsa Parametric tsa FEM ka makhetlo a 29.75 kHz li bontša hore ho fetisoa ha ntlha ea axisymmetric ha ho amehe haholo ke liphetoho tsa bolelele ba tube ho feta molekane oa eona oa asymmetric.Boithuto ba bolelele ba bevel (BL) le bolelele ba liphaephe (TL) bakeng sa asymmetric (a) le axisymmetric (b, c) li-geometri tsa bevel lithutong tsa maqhubu a marang-rang a sebelisang FEM (maemo a moeli a bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 2).(a, b) TL e ne e tloha ho 26.5 ho ea ho 29.5 mm (mohato oa 0.1 mm) le BL 1-7 mm (mohato oa 0.5 mm).(c) Thuto e atolositsoeng ea axisymmetric oblique angle e kenyeletsang TL 25-40mm (0.05mm mohato) le 0.1-7mm (0.1mm mohato) e senolang karo-karolelano e lakatsehang \(\lambda_y/2\) Maemo a hlephileng a moeli a tsitsitseng a khotsofetse.
Sebopeho sa nale se na le maqhubu a mararo a tlhaho \(f_{1-3}\) a arotsoe ka libaka tse tlaase, tse mahareng le tse phahameng joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ho Lethathamo la 1. Boholo ba PTE bo bontšoa ho Figure 10 'me bo hlahlojoe ho Setšoantšo sa 11. Ka tlase ke liphetho bakeng sa sebaka ka seng sa modal:
Li-amplitudes tse tloaelehileng tse tlalehiloeng hang-hang tsa phetisetso ea matla (PTE) tse fumanoeng ho sebelisoa phepelo ea sinusoidal ka maqhubu a fielang botebo ba 20 mm bakeng sa lancet (L) le matsoapo a axisymmetric AX1-3 moeeng, metsing le gelatin.Ho bontšoa spectrum ea lehlakore le le leng.Karabelo ea frequency e lekantsoeng (300 kHz sampole rate) e ne e tlhotliloeng ka mokhoa o tlase ebe oa theoleloa ka karolo ea 200 bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea modal.Karolelano ea lerata-ho-lerata ke \(\le\) 45 dB.Mokhahlelo oa PTE (mohala o matheba a pherese) o bontšoa ka likhato (\(^{\circ}\)).
Tlhahlobo ea karabelo e bonts'itsoeng ho Setšoantšo sa 10 (e bolelang ± tšitiso e tloaelehileng, n = 5) bakeng sa matsoapo a L le AX1-3 moeeng, metsi, le 10% gelatin (botebo ba limilimithara tse 20) le (holimo) libaka tse tharo tsa modal (tse tlase). , mahareng, phahameng).), le maqhubu a tsona a tsamaellanang a modal\(f_{1-3}\) (kHz), (karolelano) matla a matla\(\text {PTE}_{1{-}3 }\) a sebelisa li-equation tsa moralo.(4) le (ka tlaase) ke bophara bo feletseng ho halofo ea boleng bo ka holimo bo lekantsoeng \(\text {FWHM}_{1{-}3}\) (Hz), ka ho latellana.Hlokomela hore ha u rekota PTE e tlaase, ke hore, tabeng ea moepa oa AX2, tekanyo ea bandwidth e siiloe, \(\text {FWHM}_{1}\).Mokhoa oa \(f_2\) o nkoa e le o loketseng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho bapisa ho kheloha ha lifofane tse sekametseng, kaha o bontša boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba ho fetisa matla (\(\text {PTE}_{2}\)), ho fihlela ho. 99%.
Sebaka sa pele sa modal: \(f_1\) ha e itšetlehe haholo ka mofuta oa media o kentsoeng, empa e ipapisitse le jiometry ea bevel.\(f_1\) e fokotseha ka bolelele bo fokotsehang ba bevel (27.1, 26.2 le 25.9 kHz bakeng sa AX1-3, ka ho latellana, moeeng).Kakaretso ea libaka \(\mongolo {PTE}_{1}\) le \(\mongolo {FWHM}_{1}\) ke \(\approx\) 81% le 230 Hz ka ho latellana.\(\text {FWHM}_{1}\) e ne e le e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ka gelatin ho tloha Lancet (L, 473 Hz).Hlokomela hore \(\text {FWHM}_{1}\) bakeng sa AX2 ka gelatin e ke ke ea hakanngoa ka lebaka la boholo bo tlase ba likarabo tse tlalehiloeng khafetsa.
Sebaka sa bobeli sa modal: \(f_2\) se ipapisitse le mofuta oa paste le bevel media.Moeeng, metsing le gelatin, litekanyetso tsa \(f_2\) tse tloaelehileng ke 29.1, 27.9 le 28.5 kHz, ka ho latellana.PTE ea sebaka sena sa modal le eona e fihlile ho 99%, e phahameng ka ho fetisisa har'a lihlopha tsohle tsa litekanyo, ka karolelano ea sebaka sa 84%.Kakaretso ea sebaka \(\mongolo {FWHM}_{2}\) ke \(\approx\) 910 Hz.
Sebaka sa boraro sa modal: \(f_3\) Maqhubu a itšetlehile ka mofuta oa mokhoa oa ho kenya le bevel.Karolelano ea boleng \(f_3\) ke 32.0, 31.0 le 31.3 kHz moeeng, metsing le gelatin, ka ho latellana.\(\text {PTE}_{3}\) e na le karolelano ea libaka ea \(\hoo e ka bang\) 74%, e tlase ho feta sebaka sefe kapa sefe.Kakaretso ea sebaka \(\mongolo {FWHM}_{3}\) ke \(\hoo e ka bang\) 1085 Hz, e leng holimo ho sebaka sa pele le sa bobeli.
Se latelang se bua ka Feiga.12 le Letlapa la 2. Lancet (L) e khelohile ka ho fetisisa (ka bohlokoa bo phahameng ho litlhahiso tsohle, \(p<\) 0.017) moeeng le metsing (setšoan 12a), ho finyella DPR e phahameng ka ho fetisisa (ho fihlela ho 220 µm / W moeeng). 12 le Letlapa la 2. Lancet (L) e khelohile ka ho fetisisa (ka bohlokoa bo phahameng ho litlhahiso tsohle, \(p<\) 0.017) moeeng le metsing (setšoan 12a), ho finyella DPR e phahameng ka ho fetisisa (ho fihlela ho 220 µm / W moeeng). Следующее относится к рисунку 12 и таблице 2. Ланцет (L) отклонялся больше всего (с высокой значимостью для для все, 7) воздухе, так и в воде (рис. 12а), достигая самого высокого DPR . Se latelang se sebetsa ho Setšoantšo sa 12 le Lethathamo la 2. Lancet (L) e khelohile ka ho fetisisa (ka bohlokoa bo phahameng bakeng sa malebela ohle, \ (p <\) 0.017) moeeng le metsing (setšoantšo sa 12a), ho finyella DPR e phahameng ka ho fetisisa.(ho fihlela ho 220 μm/W moeeng).Ho buuoa ka setšoantšo sa 12 le Tafole ea 2 ka tlase.柳叶刀(L) 在空气和水中（图12a）中偏转最大（对所有尖端具有高度意义，\(p<\) 0.017 经纰纰纰纰纰纰纰红红端，高达220 µm/W)柳叶刀(L) e na le phapang e phahameng ka ho fetisisa moeeng le metsing (图12a) (对所述尖端是对尖端是是电影,\(p<\) 0.017), mme e fihletse DPR e phahameng ka ho fetisisa (ho fihla ho 220 µm/ W moeeng). Ланцет (L) имеет наибольшее отклонение (весьма значимое для всех наконечников, \(p<\) 0,017) в воздухе и воде (рис. 12) в воздухе и воде (рис 0 мкм/Вт в воздухе). Lancet (L) e na le phapang e kholo ka ho fetisisa (e bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa malebela ohle, \ (p <\) 0.017) moeeng le metsing (Setšoantšo sa 12a), ho fihla ho DPR e phahameng ka ho fetisisa (ho fihlela ho 220 µm / W moeeng). Moeeng, AX1 e neng e na le BL e holimo, e khelohile holimo ho AX2–3 (ka bohlokoa, \(p<\) 0.017), ha AX3 (e neng e na le BL e tlase) e khelohile ho feta AX2 ka DPR ea 190 µm/W. Moeeng, AX1 e neng e na le BL e holimo, e khelohile holimo ho AX2–3 (ka bohlokoa, \(p<\) 0.017), ha AX3 (e neng e na le BL e tlase) e khelohile ho feta AX2 ka DPR ea 190 µm/W. В воздухе AX1 с более высоким BL отклонялся выше, чем AX2–3 (со значимостью \(p<\) 0,017), тогда как AX3 (с самым AX2-3) X2 с DPR 190 мкм/Вт. Moeeng, AX1 e nang le BL e phahameng e khelohile holimo ho AX2–3 (ka bohlokoa \(p<\) 0.017), athe AX3 (ka BL e tlase) e khelohile ho feta AX2 ka DPR 190 µm/W.在空气中，具有较高BL的AX1 偏转高于AX2-3（具有显着性，\(p<\) 0.017），而AX3（具有最D1D 2017D µm/W. Moeeng, ho kheloha ha AX1 e nang le BL e phahameng ho feta ea AX2-3 (haholo-holo, \(p<\) 0.017), 'me ho kheloha ha AX3 (ka tlaase ka ho fetisisa BL) ho phahame ho feta AX2, DPR ke 190. µm/W. В воздухе AX1 с более высоким BL имеет большее отклонение, чем AX2-3 (значимо, \(p<\) 0,017), тогда как AX3 (самым BL), чем AX2 с DPR 190 мкм/Вт. Moeeng, AX1 e nang le BL e phahameng e na le kheloho e kholo ho feta AX2-3 (ea bohlokoa, \(p<\) 0.017), athe AX3 (e nang le BL e tlase) e na le ho kheloha ho hoholo ho feta AX2 le DPR ea 190 μm/W. Metsing a limilimithara tse 20, ha ho liphapang tse kholo (\(p>\) 0.017) tse fumanoeng ka ho kheloha le PTE bakeng sa AX1-3. Metsing a limilimithara tse 20, ha ho liphapang tse kholo (\(p>\) 0.017) tse fumanoeng ka ho kheloha le PTE bakeng sa AX1-3. В воде на глубине 20 мм достоверных различий (\(p>\) 0,017) по прогибу и ФТР для AX1–3 не обнаружено. Metsing a botebo ba limilimithara tse 20, liphapang tse kholo (\(p>\) 0.017) ho kheloha le FTR li ile tsa fumanoa bakeng sa AX1-3.在20 mm 的水中，AX1-3 的挠度和PTE 没有显着差异(\(p>\) 0.017). Ka metsi a 20 mm, ho ne ho se na phapang e khōlō pakeng tsa AX1-3 le PTE (\(p>\) 0.017). На глубине 20 мм прогиб и PTE AX1-3 существенно не отличались (\(p>\) 0,017). Ka botebo ba 20 mm ho kheloha le PTE AX1-3 ha ea ka ea fapana haholo (\(p>\) 0.017).Litekanyetso tsa PTE metsing (90.2-98.4%) ka kakaretso li ne li phahame ho feta moeeng (56-77.5%) (setšoantšo sa 12c), 'me ketsahalo ea cavitation e ile ea hlokomeloa nakong ea teko ea metsi (setšoan 13, bona le tse ling tse eketsehileng. litaba).
Keletso e kobehang litekanyo tsa amplitude (ho bolela ± kheloha e tloaelehileng, n = 5) bakeng sa L le AX1-3 chamfers moeeng le metsi (botebo ba 20 mm) li senotse phello ea ho fetola geometry ea chamfer.Litekanyo li fumanoa ho sebelisoa excitation single frequency sinusoidal.a(c) Tšebeliso e ntle ea phetisetso ea matla (PTE, rms, %) joalo ka equation.(4) le (d) Tekanyo ea matla a ho kheloha (DPR, µm/W) e baloang e le tšitiso e phahameng le matla a ho fetisa \(P_T\) (Wrms).
Moriti o tloaelehileng oa kh'amera e lebelo le phahameng e bonts'a ho kheloha ho felletseng ha ntlha ea lancet (mela e tala le e khubelu) ea lancet (L) le ntlha ea axisymmetric (AX1-3) metsing (botebo ba 20mm), halofo ea potoloho, maqhubu a koloi. \(f_2\) (sampole 310 kHz).Setšoantšo se hapiloeng se na le litekanyo tsa 128×128 pixels ka boholo ba pixel ea \(\hoo e ka bang) 5 µm.Video e ka fumanoa boitsebisong bo eketsehileng.
Ka hona, re ile ra etsa mohlala oa phetoho ea ho kobeha maqhubu (setšoantšo sa 7) 'me re bala mokhoa oa ho tsamaea oa mechine bakeng sa ho fetisetsoa ho tloaelehileng lanceolate, asymmetric, le axial metsoako ea bolelele ba tube le bevel (setšoantšo sa 8, 9).Symmetrical beveled geometry.Ho ipapisitsoe le taba ena ea morao-rao, re hakantse hore sebaka se nepahetseng ka ho fetesisa ke 43 mm (kapa \(\ approx\) 2.75\(\lambda_y\) ho 29.75 kHz) joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 5, mme ra etsa li-bevel tse tharo tsa axisymmetric ka bolelele bo fapaneng ba bevel.Ka mor'a moo re ile ra bontša likarabo tsa bona tsa makhetlo a mangata ha li bapisoa le li-lancets tse tloaelehileng moeeng, metsing, le 10% (w / v) ballistic gelatin (Lipalo 10, 11) 'me ra etsa qeto ea boemo bo botle ka ho fetisisa ba ho bapisa mokhoa oa ho kheloha oa ho kheloha.Qetellong, re ile ra lekanya ho kheloha ha ntlha ka ho kobeha leqhubu moeeng le metsing botebong ba limilimithara tse 20 'me ra lekanya katleho ea phetisetso ea matla (PTE, %) le "deflection power factor" (DPR, µm/W) ea mochini o kentsoeng bakeng sa ho sekama ka 'ngoe.mofuta (setšoantšo sa 12).
Liphetho li bonts'a hore axis e sekamang ea geometry e ama ho kheloha ha amplitude ea axis ea ntlha.Lancet e ne e e-na le sekhahla se phahameng ka ho fetisisa le DPR e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ha e bapisoa le bevel ea axisymmetric, athe bevel ea axisymmetric e ne e e-na le ho kheloha ho fokolang ho bolelang (setšoantšo sa 12). Axi-symmetric 4 mm bevel (AX1) e nang le bolelele ba bevel e telele ka ho fetesisa, e fihletsoe ka lipalo-palo ho kheloha moeeng (\(p <0.017\), Lethathamo la 2), ha e bapisoa le linale tse ling tsa axi-symmetric (AX2–3), empa ha ho liphapang tse kholo tse ileng tsa bonoa, ha nale e kenngoa metsing. Axi-symmetric 4 mm bevel (AX1) e nang le bolelele ba bevel e telele ka ho fetesisa, e fihletsoe ka lipalo-palo ho kheloha moeeng (\(p <0.017\), Lethathamo la 2), ha e bapisoa le linale tse ling tsa axi-symmetric (AX2–3), empa ha ho liphapang tse kholo tse ileng tsa bonoa, ha nale e kenngoa metsing. Осесимметричный скос 4 мм (AX1), имеющий наибольшую длину скоса, достиг статистически значимого наибольшего отклонения отклонения отклонения в воз1(p) внению с другими осесимметричными иглами (AX2–3). Axisymmetric bevel 4 mm (AX1), e nang le bolelele bo bolelele ka ho fetisisa ba bevel, e fihletse phapang e kholo ea lipalo moeeng (\(p <0.017\), Lethathamo la 2) ha e bapisoa le linale tse ling tsa axisymmetric (AX2–3).empa liphapang tse kholo ha lia ka tsa hlokomeloa ha ho kenngoa nale ka metsing.与其他轴对称针(AX2-3) 相比，具有最长斜角长度的轴对称4 mm 斜角(AX1) 在空气中官玲(\(p <0.017\),表2)，但当将针头放入水中时，没有观察到显着差异。 Ha e bapisoa le linale tse ling tsa axially symmetric (AX2-3), e na le angle e telele ka ho fetisisa ea oblique ea 4 mm axially symmetrical (AX1) moeeng, 'me e fihletse palo e kholo ea ho kheloha (p <0.017\), Letlapa la 2) , empa ha nale e kenngoa metsing, ha ho phapang e khōlō e ileng ea bonoa. Осесимметричный скос 4 мм (AX1) с наибольшей длиной скоса обеспечивает статистически значимое максимальное отклонение отклонение отклонение вюздупечивает статистически значимое максимальное отклонение отклонение отклонение в воздупечивает статистическ ыми иглами (AX2-3) (\(p < 0,017\), таблица 2), но существенной разницы не было. Moepa oa axisymmetric o nang le bolelele bo bolelele ba 4 mm (AX1) o fane ka phallo e kholo ea lipalo-palo moeeng ha e bapisoa le matsoapo a mang a axisymmetric (AX2-3) (\(p <0.017\), Lethathamo la 2), empa ho ne ho se na. phapang e kgolo.e bonoa ha nale e kenngoa metsing.Kahoo, bolelele ba bevel bo bolelele ha bo na melemo e hlakileng mabapi le ho kheloha ha ntlha ea tlhoro.Ha re nahana ka sena, ho bonahala eka geometry ea letsoapo, e batlisisitsoeng thutong ena, e na le tšusumetso e kholo ho kheloha ha amplitude ho feta bolelele ba letsoapo.Sena se ka amahanngoa le ho satalla ho kobeha, mohlala, ho itšetlehile ka thepa e kobehileng le botenya bohle ba nale ea kaho.
Lithutong tsa liteko, boholo ba leqhubu le bonts'itsoeng la flexural le angoa ke maemo a moeli oa ntlha.Ha ntlha ea nale e kenngoa ka metsing le gelatin, \(\text {PTE}_{2}\) e lekanyelitsoe \(\ approx\) 95% le \(\text {PTE}_{2}\) e ne e lekanya litekanyetso ke 73% le 77% (\text {PTE}_{1}\) le \(\text {PTE}_{3}\), ka ho latellana (Setšoantšo sa 11).Sena se bontša hore phetisetso e kholo ea matla a acoustic ho ea ho lahla (mohlala, metsi kapa gelatin) e etsahala ho \(f_2\).Boitšoaro bo ts'oanang bo ile ba bonoa phuputsong e fetileng ho sebelisoa meaho e bonolo ea sesebelisoa ka maqhubu a 41-43 kHz, moo bangoli ba bonts'itseng coefficient ea ponts'o ea motlakase e amanang le modulus ea mochini oa sehare se hokahaneng.Botebo ba ho kenella32 le thepa ea mochini ea lisele e fana ka mojaro oa mochini holim'a nale, ka hona ho lebelletsoe ho susumetsa boits'oaro bo botle ba UZeFNAB.Ka hona, li-algorithms tsa ho latela resonance joalo ka 17, 18, 33 li ka sebelisoa ho ntlafatsa matla a molumo o fanoang ka pene.
Bend wavelength modeling (setšoantšo sa 7) se bontša hore axisymmetric e na le ho satalla ha sebopeho se phahameng (ke hore ho satalla ho hoholo ho phahameng) ntlheng ho feta lancet le asymmetric bevel.Ho tsoa ho (1) le ho sebelisa kamano e tsebahalang ea lebelo la maqhubu, re hakanya ho satalla ho kobeha ha lancet, malebela a asymmetric le axisymmetric joalo ka matsoapo \(\ hoo e ka bang) 200, 20 le 1500 MPa, ka ho latellana.Sena se lumellana le (\ lambda _y \) 5.3, 1.7 le 14.2 mm ho 29.75 kHz, ka ho latellana (setšoantšo sa 7a-c).Ha ho nahanoa ka polokeho ea kliniki ea ts'ebetso ea USeFNAB, tšusumetso ea geometry ho satalla ha moralo oa bevel e hloka ho hlahlojoa34.
Boithuto ba litekanyetso tsa bevel le bolelele ba tube (setšoantšo sa 9) se bontšitse hore sebaka se nepahetseng sa TL bakeng sa asymmetric (1.8 mm) se ne se phahame ho feta bakeng sa bevel ea axisymmetric (1.3 mm).Ho phaella moo, sehlabeng sa mobility ranges ho tloha 4 ho 4,5 limilimithara le ho tloha 6 ho 7 limilimithara bakeng sa asymmetric le axisymmetric sekama, ka ho latellana (sa feiga. 9a, b).Bohlokoa bo sebetsang ba phumano ena bo hlahisoa ka mamello ea tlhahiso, mohlala, mofuta o tlase oa TL o nepahetseng o ka fana ka maikutlo a tlhoko ea ho nepahala ha bolelele bo phahameng.Ka nako e ts'oanang, sethala sa lihlahisoa se fana ka mamello e kholoanyane bakeng sa khetho ea bolelele ba letsoapo ka lebelo le fanoeng ntle le ho ama chai haholo.
Thuto e kenyeletsa mefokolo e latelang.Tekanyo e tobileng ea ho kheloha ha linale ho sebelisoa ho lemoha ka bohale le ho nka litšoantšo ka lebelo le phahameng (Setšoantšo sa 12) ho bolela hore re lekanyelitsoe ho mecha ea litaba e hlakileng e kang moea le metsi.Hape re ka rata ho bontša hore ha rea ka ra sebelisa liteko ho leka mokhoa o ts'oanang oa ho tsamaisa le ho fapana, empa re sebelisitse lithuto tsa FEM ho fumana bolelele bo nepahetseng ba nale e entsoeng.Ho ea ka pono ea mefokolo e sebetsang, bolelele ba lancet ho tloha ntlheng ho ea ho sleeve bo bolelele ba 0,4 cm ho feta lisebelisoa tse ling (AX1-3), bona feiga.3b.Sena se ka 'na sa ama karabelo ea modal ea sebopeho sa acicular.Ntle le moo, sebopeho le boholo ba waveguide lead solder (bona Setšoantšo sa 3) se ka ama ts'ebetso ea mochini oa moralo oa pini, e leng se bakang liphoso tsa ho se sebetse hantle ha mochini le boits'oaro ba ho khumama.
Qetellong, re bontšitse ka liteko hore bevel geometry e ama palo ea ho kheloha ho USeFNAB.Maemong ao ho ona amplitude e phahameng ea ho kheloha e ka bang le phello e ntle ho phello ea nale liseleng, mohlala, katleho ea ho itšeha ka mor'a ho phunya, lancet e tloaelehileng e ka buelloa bakeng sa USeFNAB, kaha e fana ka amplitude e kholo ka ho fetisisa ha e ntse e boloka botsitso bo lekaneng. ntlheng ya moetso.Ho feta moo, phuputso ea morao tjena e bontšitse hore ho kheloha ho hoholo ho ka ntlafatsa liphello tsa likokoana-hloko tse kang cavitation, e ka thusang ho hlahisa likopo bakeng sa mehato e fokolang ea ho buuoa.Ha ho nahanoa hore matla a acoustic a ntseng a eketseha a bonts'itse ho eketsa chai ea biopsy ho tsoa ho USeFNAB13, lithuto tse ling tse ngata tsa tlhahiso ea sampole le boleng lia hlokahala ho lekola molemo o felletseng oa kliniki oa geometry ea nale e ithutoang.
Frable, WJ Fine needle aspiration biopsy: tlhahlobo.Humph.Ho kula.14:9-28 .https://doi.org/10.1016/s0046-8177(83)80042-2 (1983).
Nako ea poso: Oct-13-2022